“筑巢引凤”:学人南下与广州国民政府的教师养老金制度革新(1926—1927)

“Building Nests to Attract Phoenix”:Scholars Going South and the Educational System Reform of the Nationalist government of Guangzhou——Focusing on the Teacher Pension System

北洋政府颁行的教师养老金制度,是研究系同人改革中国教育的一种尝试,随着研究系退出政坛,这一制度也随之束之高阁。1926年广州国民政府推动教师养老金制度等一系列改革。其目的有二:其一,在于推动教育改革,提高教职员待遇,以吸引全国政治、经济与教育人才向广州国民政府集中,与北洋政府在人才资源上进行制度性竞争。其二,争取知识界与舆论界的支持,以“协助革命的速成”。与此相对,北洋政府统治期内长期存在的教育问题,不断消耗着知识分子对它的向心力。国共合作期间推行的包括养老金制度在内的一系列教育改革,日益成为一种制度上的吸引力,推动知识分子逃离北方,接受国民革命的政治理论与方针政策。

The teacher pension system promulgated by the Beijing government is an attempt to reform Chinese education by the research department.With the withdrawal of the research department from the political arena,this system has also been shelved.In 1926,the Nationalist government of Canton promoted a series of reforms such as the teacher pension system.Its purpose is twofold:first,it is to promote educational reform and improve the treatment of teaching staff,so as to attract national political,economic and educational talents to the Nationalist government of Canton,and to compete with the Beijing government in terms of talent resources.2、Strive for the support of the intellectual and public opinion circles to"assist in the rapid success of the revolution".In contrast,the education problems that existed for a long time during the Beijing government's rule continued to consume the intellectuals'Centripetal force towards it.The series of educational reforms,including the pension system,implemented during the period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party have increasingly become an institutional attraction,promoting intellectuals to flee the north and accept the political theories and policies of the National Revolution.