跨境电商能促进企业内部共同富裕吗?——基于跨境电商综合试验区政策的准自然实验

Can Cross-Border E-Commerce Promote Common Prosperity within Enterprises?:Based on a Quasi-Natural Experiment of Cross-Border E-Commerce Comprehensive Pilot Zones Policy

利用2009—2021年中国A股上市企业数据,以跨境电子商务综合试验区的设立为准自然实验,采用多期双重差分模型实证检验了跨境电商对企业内部实现共同富裕的影响及其机制。研究发现,跨境电子商务综合试验区的设立能显著促进企业内部实现共同富裕。具体而言,位于综试区的企业劳动收入份额提高了0.62%,企业内收入差距缩小了22.92%,分别发挥了“做大蛋糕”和“分好蛋糕”的作用。机制分析发现,跨境电商通过促进企业跨境贸易、市场扩张和吸纳就业,提高了企业内劳动收入份额;同时,通过优化企业人力资本结构缩小了企业内收入差距。进一步分析发现,在最低工资标准更低的城市,跨境电商对企业劳动收入份额的促进作用更强;在实际平均工资水平更高的城市,跨境电商对缩小企业内收入差距的效应更强;跨境电商对非国有企业和东部地区企业促进效应更强。

This study uses data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2009to 2021and takes the establishment of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones as a quasi-natural experiment.It empirically examines the impact and mechanism of cross-border e-commerce policies on achieving shared prosperity within enterprises using a multi-period difference-in-differences model.The research findings show that the establishment of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones significantly promotes shared prosperity within enterprises.Specifically,companies located in these pilot zones experience a 0.62%increase in labor income share and a reduction of 22.92%in income inequality within the company,effectively contributing to both“expanding the cake”and“fairly distributing the cake.”Mechanism analysis reveals that cross-border ecommerce policies promote enterprise cross-border trade and market expansion and absorb employment,leading to higher labor income shares within companies.Additionally,these policies optimize the human capital structure of enterprises,thereby narrowing income disparities internally.Further analysis indicates that cross-border e-commerce policies have a stronger effect on promoting labor income shares in cities with lower minimum wage standards,while their effect on reducing income disparities is more pronounced in cities with higher average wages.Moreover,non-state-owned enterprises and those located in eastern regions benefit more from the effects of cross-border e-commerce policies.