高质量公共政策的设计逻辑

The Design Logic of High-quality Public Policies

高质量公共政策一直是行政人员和社会公众的追求与期待。政策作为人工物,是设计的产物。西方政策设计理论反思了政策过程理论和政策工具理论,认为它们过于偏重行为过程而忽略了政策内容,而政策内容才是政策的核心。然而,西方政策设计理论遗漏了以政策目标为导向的政策工具设计,也没有注意到在中国一项公共政策有多文本设计以及设计过程与政策过程相互交织的现象。基于此,论文提出,高质量公共政策的出台存在政策工具设计、过程整合设计和政策持续设计的三重设计逻辑。其中,政策工具设计是为了给不断细化的政策目标匹配高质量的具体措施,过程整合设计是将设计过程与政治过程融合以改善政策质量,而持续设计是根据多变的政策环境和多层次的政策体系不断调适政策内容。由此可见,高质量公共政策设计逻辑既是政策制定者、政策设计者与政策参与者的互动逻辑,又是科学决策、民主决策和技术决策的优化逻辑。

High-quality public policy is the pursuit and expectation of administrators and the public.As artefacts,policies are products of design.Policy design theory developed by western scholars reflects policy process theory and policy instrument theory.Scholars believe these theories focus too much on process and neglect policy content.However,the design of policy instruments is relatively unexamined.The extant scholarship is oriented to policy goals.Public policy in China exists in a multi-text environment,in which the design process is intertwined with the policy process.To fill the research gap,this paper proposes a triple design logic of highquality public policies,which includes policy instrument design,process integrated design,and policy continuous design.Among them,the policy instrument design aims to find concrete measures for the constantly refined policy goals;process integrated design integrates the design and political processes to improve the quality of the policy,and the continuous design makes policy content adaptive to the changing policy environment as well as the multi-level policy system.Therefore,the design logic of high-quality policies not only includes the logic of interaction among policymakers,policy designers,and policy participants,but also the logic of optimization of scientific,democratic,and technical decision-making.