创新型城市建设、知识产权保护与服务业企业绩效

Innovative City Construction,Intellectual Property Protection and Service Enterprise Performance

创新型城市建设作为中国推进“创新型国家前列”目标的重要举措,对国际国内双循环和服务业高质量发展意义明显。文章以获批创新型城市为研究对象,基于2004—2019年中国地级市与沪深A股服务业上市公司的匹配数据,构建渐进双重差分模型来系统研究试点政策对服务业企业绩效的影响,以及地方产权保护在政策影响企业绩效中的作用路径。研究发现:(1)创新型城市建设可显著提升我国服务业企业的全要素生产率和产出规模,并且试点政策具有时滞性和长期动态性;(2)就影响差异来看,创新型城市建设对知识密集型服务企业和非国有控股企业绩效的提升效果更为明显;(3)法律治理程度和公众保护意识等知识产权保护路径是创新型城市建设提升服务业企业绩效的关键渠道;(4)基于创新意愿和政府距离的政策再评价显示,创新型城市建设可通过增强地方产权保护来激励企业开展自主创新与联合创新行为,从而助推服务业企业绩效提升。同时试点政策对服务业企业绩效的正向效应集中在政府方圆40%分位数距离范围内。

As a new engine of economic development,the service sector has become an important force driving the dual-cycle economic model.Although the proportion of China's service sector has increased in recent years,the problem of relatively low productivity has not fundamentally changed.As an important measure to promote the goal of"leading innovative country",innovative city construction plays a key role in industrial transformation and innovation drive.Accurately evaluating pilot policy's effect and local intellectual property protection channels are great significant to the high-quality development of service industry and the construction of an innovative country.Based on the matching data of China's prefecture-level cities and Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed service enterprises from 2004 to 2017,this study takes approved innovative cities as the research object and constructs a multistage dynamic difference-in-differences(DID)model to systematically study the impact of pilot policy on service enterprise performance,and the role of local intellectual property protection in the impact of policy on enterprise performance.First,the research investigates whether innovative city construction has time lag and dynamic effect on the performance of service enterprises,and whether the pilot policies can improve the performance of service enterprises.Secondly,based on the endogenous analysis,the policy effects of different types of service enterprises are further studied,and the channels through which the pilot policy affect the performance of service enterprises are explored from the perspective of intellectual property protection.Finally,the policy reevaluation of innovative city construction is carried out based on the dimension of enterprises'innovation willingness and the distance of city government.The empirical results show that compared with non-pilot cities,innovative city construction improves the total factor productivity and output scale of service enterprises in pilot cities.Besides,Pilot policy is time-lag and long-term dynamic,with more obvious effect on the performance of knowledge-intensive service enterprises and non-state holding enterprises.The mechanism test result shows that innovative city construction can improve the performance of service enterprises in pilot cities by enhancing the degree of legal governance and public awareness of intellectual property protection.Policy reevaluation shows that innovative city construction can encourage enterprises to carry out independent innovation and joint innovation through strengthening local intellectual property protection,thus boosting the performance of service enterprises.Meanwhile,the positive effect of the pilot policies on the performance of service enterprises is concentrated within the range of 40%quantile distance around the government.Accurate evaluation of the policy effect of innovative city construction is of great guiding significance to China's goal of becoming one of the top innovative countries by 2030,and also provides important enlightenment for China to promote the high-quality development of the service industry at the present stage.First,optimize the entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem.Cities should be built as resource clusters and governments should support innovation.Second,strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights and stimulate the vitality of industrial innovation through the dual-track system of administrative justice and publicity.Third,encourage enterprises'innovation and entrepreneurship.Independent innovation and joint innovation practices should be encouraged,willingness of enterprises to innovate needs to be improved.