“耐粗饲”选育的大黄鱼对低鱼粉饲料的利用效果

The Utilization Effect of Large Yellow Croaker(Larimichthys crocea)Bred by"Resilient-feed"on Low Fishmeal Feed

为探究采用基因组选择技术选育出的“耐粗饲”大黄鱼对低鱼粉饲料的利用效果,用鱼粉配比为27%和47%的两种市售大黄鱼饲料,分别对“耐粗饲”选育大黄鱼和普通大黄鱼(对照组)进行为期180 d的喂养,然后测定各组大黄鱼的生长指标、肌肉体成分、脂肪酸组成、肠道消化酶和肝脏抗氧化酶活性。结果显示:降低饲料中的鱼粉配比会导致大黄鱼生长速度减慢,且肌肉中的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和高不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)含量降低,肠道中的胰蛋白酶活性、肝脏中的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性也降低,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量升高;“耐粗饲”选育的大黄鱼在喂养低鱼粉饲料的条件下,生长速度和肌肉中PUFA与HUFA含量均显著高于普通大黄鱼,肠道消化酶活性和肝脏T-AOC也明显高于普通大黄鱼,饲料效率也略高于普通大黄鱼。表明“耐粗饲”选育的大黄鱼能够更好地适应和利用低鱼粉饲料,可利用遗传选育技术培育适应低鱼粉饲料的新养殖品种。

To investigate the utilization effects of low fishmeal diets on genetically selected"resilient-feed"large yellow croaker,two commercially available large yellow croaker feeds with fishmeal ratios of 27%and 47%were used.These feeds were respectively fed to"resilient-feed"bred large yellow croaker and normal large yellow croaker(control group)for a period of 180 days.Subsequently,growth indicators,muscle composition,fatty acid composition,intestinal digestive enzymes,and liver antioxidant enzyme activity were determined for each group of large yellow croaker.The results revealed that reducing the fishmeal ratio in the feed led to a slower growth rate of large yellow croaker,accompanied by a decrease in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)and high unsaturated fatty acids(HUFA)in the muscle,as well as a reduction in pancreatic protease activity in the intestine,total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),and catalase(CAT)activity in the liver.Additionally,there was an increase in saturated fatty acids(SFA)and monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)content.Under the conditions of feeding low fishmeal diets,"resilient-feed"bred large yellow croaker exhibited significantly higher growth rates and PUFA and HUFA content in muscle compared to normal large yellow croaker.Moreover,intestinal digestive enzyme activity and liver T-AOC were significantly higher in"resilient-feed"bred large yellow croaker,and feed efficiency was slightly higher as well.These findings indicate that"resilient-feed"bred large yellow croaker are better adapted to and utilize low fishmeal diets more efficiently,suggesting the potential for utilizing genetic selection techniques to cultivate new aquaculture species adapted to low fishmeal diets to develop new aquaculre species.