后现代科学观视野下科学教育的逻辑向度及路径选择

The Logical Dimension and Path Choice of Science Education From the View of Postmodern Science

科学观是科学教育的理论指导和前提条件,影响着科学教育的价值取向和方法选择。后现代科学观的特征体现为科学与人文的统一、价值与事实的统一、个体与整体的统一及祛魅与返魅的统一。在后现代科学观的影响下,科学教育具有目标、思维、知识和价值四个向度,包括科学本质与科学精神、批判性与整体性思维、情境性与发展性知识、人文关怀与和谐共生等。后现代科学观对现代科学观进行了解构和反思,为科学教育提供了新的视角和思路,但弱化了知识的客观性、规律性等特征,存在相对主义和普遍的怀疑论倾向。为进一步优化科学教育的路径选择,需要持辩证扬弃的态度,把握科学教育的发展,以核心素养的培养为导向,关注科学知识的发展规律,开设综合的科学教育课程,同时,在科学教育的过程中渗透科学价值观教育。

The view of science is the theoretical guidance and prerequisite of science education,which influences the value orientation and method choice of science education.The characteristics of postmodern scientific view are embodied in the unity of science and humanity,the unity of value and fact,the unity of individual and whole,and the unity of disenchantment and reenchantment.Under the influence of the postmodern view of science,science education has four dimensions:goal,thinking,knowledge and value,including scientific essence and scientific spirit,critical and holistic thinking,Situational and developmental knowledge,humanistic care and harmonious coexistence.The postmodern view of science deconstructs and reflects on the modern view of science,which provides a new perspective and thought for science education,but weakens the objectivity and regularity of knowledge and has a tendency of relativism and general skepticism.In order to further optimize the path selection of science education,it is necessary to grasp the development of science education with an attitude of dialectical sublation and take the cultivation of core literacy as the guide.Pay attention to the development law of scientific knowledge,set up comprehensive science education courses,and permeate scientific values in the process of science education.