求知、聚焦与持恒:儿童科学探究精神培养的智育原则

Knowledge-Seeking,Focusing and Persisting:The Principles of Intellectual Education in Cultivating Children's Scientific Exploration Spirit

基于罗素的智育原则,可归结出儿童科学探究精神的发展所需的三大支撑要素:求知精神、聚焦精神与持恒精神,并以此为基础构建儿童科学探究精神模型。通过儿童科学探究精神模型检视教育实践现象,主要问题表现在“糖衣”课程偏离儿童探究的兴趣、“操作手册式”教学凸显探究的深刻性不足、“片段式”教学缺乏探究的持续性。以儿童科学探究精神模型为分析框架,提出培养策略:在教育实践中,应创设情境具象,激发儿童的求知欲望;引导问题探究,培养儿童的聚焦素养;强化淬砺教育,磨炼儿童的意志品格。

Based on Russell's principles of intellectual education,it can be concluded that the development of children's scientific inquiry spirit requires three major supporting elements:the spirit of seeking knowledge,the spirit of focusing,and the spirit of persistence.Based on this,a model of children's scientific inquiry spirit can be constructed.By examining the phenomenon of educational practice through the spirit model of children's scientific exploration,the main problems are that the"sugar coated"curriculum deviates from children's interest in exploration,the"operation manual"teaching highlights the lack of depth in exploration,and the"fragmented"teaching lacks continuity in exploration.Based on the analysis framework of the spirit model of children's scientific exploration,this paper proposes cultivation strategies:in educational practice,it is necessary to create situational representations to stimulate children's desire for knowledge,guide problem-solving to cultivate children's focus literacy,and strengthen education to refine children's willpower and character.