初产妇母乳喂养认知程度调查及健康行为互动模式干预效果

Investigation of the breastfeeding cognitive ability of primiparas and the effect of interaction model of client health behavior model intervention for the primiparas

目的:了解初产妇母乳喂养认知程度并探讨健康行为互动模式(IMCHB)干预效果。方法:选取2021年3月-2023年3月于本院产前检查并成功分娩的102例初产妇,随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各51例,均给予常规护理干预,观察组给予IMCHB模式的护理干预。调查干预前后初产妇母乳喂养认知能力情况,比较两组母乳喂养信心[母乳喂养自我效能感量表(BSES)评分]、主观幸福感[总体幸福感量表(GWB)评分]、产后纯母乳喂养率、乳房并发症发生率。结果:102例母乳喂养认知程度较差25例(24.5%),一般40例(39.2%),较高37例(36.3%)。干预至产后3个月,观察组母乳喂养认知能力评分(85.23±7.08分)、BSES各维度评分及总分(131.70±8.74分)、GWB中生活满足与兴趣、忧郁与愉悦心情、精力、松弛与紧张得分及总分(96.47±11.12分)均高于对照组(80.34±6.94分、107.57±8.36分、87.64±11.06分),产后1、3、6个月纯母乳喂养率(92.2%、88.2%、78.4%)高于对照组(70.6%、58.8%、49.0%),乳房并发症总发生率(13.7%)低于对照组(33.3%)(均P<0.05)。结论:本次调查的初产妇母乳喂养认知能力不高,IMCHB模式干预可提高初产妇母乳喂养认知能力,增强初产妇母乳喂养信心与幸福感,有利于提升纯母乳喂养率,减少乳房并发症发生,益于产妇健康及新生儿成长。

Objective:To understand the cognitive ability of primipara breastfeeding,and to explore the intervention effect of interaction model of client health behavior(IMCHB)for the primiparas.Methods:From March 2021 to.March 2023,102 primiparas who had undergone the prenatal examination and wanted delivered in the hospital success-fully were selected as the research objects.These primiparas were divided into study group and control group by ran-dom number table method(51 cases in each group).The primiparas in the control group were given routine nursing in-tervention,and the primiparas in the study group were given IMCHB model nursing intervention combined with rou-tine nursing intervention.The breastfeeding cognitive ability of the primiparas in the two groups before and after inter-vention was investigated.The breastfeeding confidence score evaluated by breastfeeding self-efficacy scale(BSES),the subjective well-being score evaluated by general well-being scale(GWB),the postpartum exclusive breastfeeding rate and the incidence of breast complications of the primiparas were compared between the two groups.Results:Among 102 primiparas,there were 25(24.5%)cases with poor breastfeeding cognition,40(39.2%)cases with general breastfeeding cognition and 37(36.3%)cases with high breastfeeding cognition.After the intervention lasted to 3 months after delivery,the scores of the cognitive ability of breastfeeding(85.23±7.08 points),the total dimensions of BSES(131.70±8.74 points),the total GWB score of life satisfaction and interest,depression and pleasure,energy,relaxation and tension(96.47±11.12 points)of the primiparas in the study group were significantly higher than those(80.34±6.94 points,107.57±8.36 points and 87.64±11.06 points)of the primiparas in the control group.The exclusive breastfeeding rates in 1,3 and 6 months after delivery(92.2%,88.2%and 78.4%)of the primiparas in the study group were significantly higher than those(70.6%,58.8%and 49.0%)of the primiparas in the control group.The total incidence of the breast complications(13.7%)of the primiparas in the study group was significantly lower than that(33.3%)of the primiparas in the control group(all P<0.05).Conclusion:The cognitive ability of the breastfeeding of the primiparas in this study is not high.IMCHB model intervention for the primiparas can improve their cognitive abili-ty of breastfeeding,enhance their breastfeeding confidence and happiness,and which is in favor of improving the rate of exclusive breastfeeding and reducing the occurrence of breast complications,and is beneficial to the maternal health and the growth of the newborns.