高温和液氮处理对马棘种子萌发能力的影响

Effects of high temperature and liquid nitrogen treatment on germination ability of equine prickly seeds

马棘为豆科木兰属多年生小灌木,具有较高的饲用及生态价值,但自然条件下种子的发芽率低,研发提高马棘种子萌发能力的技术措施,将为马棘的推广应用提供重要支撑。本试验以2022年收获的马棘种子为试材,进行不同时间的高温(60℃)、液氮及其组合预处理,并开展发芽实验。其中,液氮和高温分别设计了4个种子处理时间,液氮处理的时间分别为0.5、1、2、5min;高温(60℃)处理的时间分别为10、30、60、180min;组合处理包括先高温后液氮处理及先液氮后高温处理两种方式;试验处理有自然萌发条件下的对照(CK)、8个单一处理及32个组合处理,共计41个。种子发芽周期结束后计算种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及平均萌发时间,并利用隶属函数的方法评价不同处理对马棘种子发芽能力的影响。马棘种子自然条件下发芽率为55%,不同时间高温处理对种子发芽率的提升作用不显著(P>0.05);用液氮处理马棘种子1min后,发芽率可达78.5%,显著高于CK(P<0.05);先高温后液氮组合处理中,高温30min+液氮5min、高温60min+液氮2min两处理发芽率可达80%;先液氮后高温组合处理中,液氮1min+高温60min发芽率最高,可达82.5%,比CK发芽率高27.5%。液氮1min+高温60min处理,能显著提高马棘种子的发芽能力,且该方法处理种子,操作简单,耗时短,生产实用性强,值得推广。

Horsethorn is a small perennial shrub of Magnolia legume,which has high feeding and ecological value,but the germination rate of seeds is low under natural conditions.The development of technical measures to improve the germination ability of horsethorn seeds will provide important support for the popularization and application of horsethorn.In this experiment,the horse thorn seeds harvested in 2022 were pretreated with high temperature(60℃),liquid nitrogen and their combination at different times,and the germination experi⁃ment was carried out.Four seed treatment times were designed for liquid nitrogen and high temperature respectively,and the treatment time for liquid nitrogen was 0.5min,1min,2min and 5min respectively.The treatment time at high temperature(60℃)was 10min,30min,60min and 180min respectively.Combined treatment includes high temperature treatment followed by liquid nitrogen treatment and liquid ni⁃trogen treatment followed by high temperature treatment.The experimental treatments included control(CK)under natural germination con⁃ditions,8 single treatments and 32 combined treatments,with a total of 41 treatments.The germination rate,germination potential,germi⁃nation index and average germination time were calculated after the germination period,and the influence of different treatments on the ger⁃mination ability ofhippophae spiny seeds was evaluated by membershiPfunction method.The germination rate was 55%under natural condi⁃tions,and there was no significant effect on the germination rate under different time of high temperature treatment(P>0.05).After 1min of liquid nitrogen treatment,the germination rate of hippophae sphinx seed was 78.5%,which was significantly higher than that of CK(P<0.05).In the combined treatment of high temperature followed by liquid nitrogen,the germination rate of 30min+liquid nitrogen for 5min and 60min+liquid nitrogen for 2min could reach 80%.In the combined treatment of liquid nitrogen followed by high temperature,the ger⁃mination rate of liquid nitrogen for 1min+high temperature for 60min was the highest,reaching 82.5%,which was 27.5%higher than that of CK.Treatment with liquid nitrogen for 1min+high temperature for 60min can significantly improve the germination ability of horse thorn seeds,and this method is simple in operation,short in time and practical in production,so it is worth popularizing.