基于光动力疗法消融肿瘤的无机纳米材料研究进展

Research Progress of Inorganic Nanomaterials for Tumor Ablation Based on Photodynamic Therapy

光动力疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT)是一种微创消融肿瘤的新手段。这种手段的优势是可以在对正常组织和器官产生最小副作用的情况下抑制肿瘤。近年来,将纳米粒子与光敏剂组合作为介导PDT的治疗制剂,在肿瘤治疗领域显示出了明显优势。在这方面,金、磁性氧化铁、石墨烯纳米颗粒及其他无机纳米材料引起了人们的关注。这些材料与光敏剂以复合纳米粒的形式结合,降低了体内外正常组织的细胞毒性,改善了其在生物环境中的溶解度,提高了治疗效果。笔者介绍了PDT的基本原理,并总结了以上无机复合纳米材料在PDT中的应用,以期为构建更合理、更有效的整合无机纳米粒的光动力治疗平台提供参考。

Photodynamic therapy has been exploited as minimally invasive techniques for ablation of inhibit tumors,which may inhibit tumors with minimal side effects to normal tissues and organs.In recent years,developments of light-mediated approach using nanoparticles and photosensitize(PS)as therapeutic agents may had a crucial role in achieving successful cancer treatment.In this regard,gold,iron oxide,graphene oxide nanoparticles and other inorganic nanoparticles had attracted attention.Moreover,the combination of these materials with PS,in the form of hybrid NPs,reduces in vitro and in vivo normal tissue cytotoxicity,improves their solubility property in the biological environment and enhances the therapeutic effects.This review introduces the mechanisms of photodynamic therapy,summarizes the use of inorganic nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy,thereby providing a reference for the construction of a more reasonable and effective photodynamic therapy platform integrating inorganic nanoparticles.