能耗双控转向碳排放双控的理论逻辑与实践路径

Theoretical Logic and Path of Shifting from the Dual Control of Total Energy Consumption and Intensity to the Dual Control of Carbon Emissions and Intensity

能耗双控向碳排放双控转变是推进碳达峰碳中和的制度保障,系统分析能耗双控转向碳排放双控的理论逻辑及实践路径,对促进企业适应国内国际市场、降低碳排放,保障中国“双碳”目标的实现有重要现实意义。能耗双控通过需求效应、技术效应和要素替代效应影响节能降碳,碳排放双控主要通过技术创新效应、技术溢出效应和产业结构升级效应的综合作用促进节能降碳,碳排放双控节能降碳的作用机制更加完善,更加注重碳排放控制,更能够精准控碳。能耗双控转向碳排放双控有利于企业能源转型、绿电消费的增加,对于“双碳”目标的实现、国际竞争力的提高具有深远的影响。能耗双控转向碳排放双控背景下,中国面临能耗双控转向碳排放双控的识别阶段、分阶段、落实阶段难题,碳市场建设不足,碳排放监管和执法体系不完善的挑战;为顺利推动能耗双控转向碳排放双控,本文提出统筹推进分阶段、差异化考核工作,通过加大碳市场覆盖范围、完善碳交易机制、优化用能权交易市场等加强碳市场建设,加强碳排放监管和法治体系建设等关键举措和推动路径。中国实现绿色低碳发展须注重能耗双控向碳排放双控转变,准确把握能耗双控转向碳排放双控,促进“双碳”目标实现。

The shift from the dual control of total energy consumption and intensity to the dual control of carbon emis⁃sions and intensity is a new institutional arrangement that synergistically stimulates the vitality of clean energy structure transformation and implements the“dual carbon”strategy.There is no systematic theoretical examination and in⁃depth analysis of the institutional arrangement in existing literature.Based on this,this paper intends to comprehensively compare the operational logic of the dual control of total energy consumption and intensity and the dual control of carbon emissions and intensity in terms of their mechanisms and impact effects,identify the challenges faced by the dual control of carbon emissions and intensity,and propose targeted paths.Based on existing research,this paper analyzes the impact mechanism of the two“dual control”policies on energy conservation and carbon reduction.Research has found that the shift of“dual control”targets has brought development opportunities such as energy transformation and increased green electricity consumption to Chinese enterprises.Under the shift of“dual control”targets,Chinas competitiveness and voice in the international community have been enhanced,helping to achieve the“dual control”targets under the vision of sustainable development.However,China still faces objective realities such as difficulties in identifying or implementing“dual control”targets,insufficient carbon trading construction,and imperfect carbon emission supervision and law enforcement systems.Thus,it is necessary to analyze the opportunities and challenges faced by China in combination with the level of economic development and changes in corporate energy structure under the shift of“dual control”targets.Starting from market construction,in the future,to enable the carbon market to play a greater role in promoting emission reduction of enterprises,it is necessary to expand industry coverage and improve carbon trading mechanisms and other carbon market construction.Improving carbon trading and carbon market mechanisms and the construction of an energy use rights trading market is an important measure to achieve marketization of carbon emission reduction.From the perspective of government regulation of the market,the government can play an important role in improving the environmental quality standard system,perfecting the monitoring legal system,and improving the carbon emission information disclosure system,further strengthening the supervision of the carbon market.To smoothly promote the shift from the dual control of total energy consumption and intensity to the dual control of carbon emissions and intensity and to achieve the“dual carbon”targets,it is necessary to accurately understand the new situations faced in the transition stage,practice the new concept of low-carbon development,and effectively leverage market and governmental functions.Different from existing literature,this paper mainly makes the following three marginal contributions.Firstly,it systematically investigates and reviews the research literature on factors affecting carbon emissions,expanding the research on the path to achieving the“dual carbon”targets from the perspective of the dual control of total carbon emissions and intensity.Secondly,unlike existing policy recommendations on“dual carbon”,this paper focuses on the research on the important stage of the shift from the dual control of total energy consumption and intensity to the dual control of carbon emissions and intensity,the market construction and operational mechanisms that smoothly facilitate this shift.