明清时期腾冲坝区的移民开发与“边汉社会”生成--一个历史人类学的视角

The Immigration Development and the Formation of“Frontier-Han Society”in Tengchong Bazi Region During the Ming and Qing Dynasties--A Perspective of Historical Anthropology

明清时期腾冲地区的军政建置与移民开发,主要是围绕着适宜农耕和定居的坝子展开的。以坝区为中心的农业经济和市场体系的建立以及区域交通网络的形成,不仅改变了当地的族群结构和人群分布格局,而且也推动了腾冲地区“边汉社会”的生成。其发展特点主要体现在两个方面:一是汉族移民的宗族建设与汉文化主导下的地方社会重构;二是土著人群汉化与宗族化发展过程中的身份、认同转变。这使得腾冲“汉人社会”的形成路径明显有别于其他地区。通过对上述问题的探讨,或许可以为学术界相关问题研究提供一种新的分析路径和思考方向,并有助于从“边疆视角”理解、认识中华民族共同体形成的时空特点及其复杂历史动因。

During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the military and governmental establishment and immigration development of Tengchong area mainly centered in the Bazi(坝子)which were suitable for farming and settlement.The establishment of agricultural economy and market system centered in the Bazi area and the formation of regional transportation network not only changed the local community structure and population distribution pattern,but also promoted the generation of"Border-Han society"in Tengchong area.Its development characteristics are mainly reflected in two aspects:first,the clan construction of Han immigrants and the reconstruction of local society under the dominance of Han culture;second,the identity of the indigenous people in the process of Sinicization,clan development,and identity change.This makes the formation of Tengchong's"Han society"significantly different from that of other regions.By exploring the above issues,we may be able to provide a new analytical path and direction of thinking for academic research on related issues,and help to understand and recognize the spatial and temporal characteristics of the formation of Community for the Chinese Nation and its complex historical motives from a"frontier perspective".