教育程度会影响家庭养老决策吗

Does Educational Attainment Affect Family Pension Decisions?

快速老龄化背景下,积极谋划家庭养老问题显得尤为重要。本文利用2015年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,探究了教育程度对家庭养老决策的影响。研究发现,随着教育程度提升,家庭制定养老计划的意识增强,养老方式选择更多样化,购买商业养老保险的意愿也更强烈。异质性分析表明,教育程度对家庭养老决策的影响在高等教育扩招前后没有明显差异。但当家庭社会保障水平不同时,教育程度对家庭养老决策的影响存在差异,社会保障水平较低的家庭,制定养老决策的积极性较高;教育程度对家庭养老决策的影响还存在性别上的差异,与男性相比,女性对待风险的态度更为谨慎,制定养老计划的意愿更强烈。进一步分析表明,教育程度主要通过提高家庭收入、促进财富累积等途径对家庭养老决策产生影响。本文不仅为家庭采取针对性养老措施防范化解养老风险提供参考,还对中国实施积极老龄化政策以实现“老有所养”的民生目标具有重要启示。

Against the background of rapid aging,it is particularly important to actively plan for family pension.Using data from the 2015 China Household Finance Survey(CHFS),this article explores the impact of educational attainment on family pension decisions.It is found that as educa⁃tion attainment rises,families become more aware of making pension plans,have more diversified choices of pension options,and have a stronger willingness to purchase commercial pension insur⁃ance.Heterogeneity analysis shows that there is no significant difference in the effect of educational attainment on family pension decisions before and after the expansion of higher education.However,when the level of family social security is different,there is a difference in the effect of educational at⁃tainment on the family’s decision-making about pension,and families with lower levels of social se⁃curity are more active in making pension decisions;there is also a gender difference in the effect of ed⁃ucational attainment on the family’s decision-mak⁃ing about pension,and women are more cautious in their attitudes toward risk and have a stronger will⁃ingness to make an pension plan compared with men.Further analysis shows that educational attain⁃ment mainly influences the family pension decisions through increasing household income and promoting wealth accumulation.This article not only provides a reference for families to adopt targeted pension measures to prevent and mitigate pension risks,but also provides important insights into China’s im⁃plementation of active aging policies to achieve the goal of‘providing for the elderly’.