基于后发优势的乡村教育振兴研究

Research on Revitalization of Rural Education with Late-mover Advantages

乡村的振兴系于教育,城强乡弱的教育发展格局蕴藏着乡村教育发展的后发优势。厘清乡村教育的多维优势是释放后发优势的前提条件。城市教育先进经验的外源推力,乡村教育后发自觉的内生动力,社会多元主体凝聚的协同治理合力,教育政策供给的实践张力,形成了乡村教育振兴的经验优势、观念优势、物质优势和政策优势。乡村教育所具备的后发优势是一种潜在的而非现实的优势,具有实现的人为性特征,要将潜在优势转变为现实发展优势,需梳理办学成就,坚定乡村教育独立自主的道路自信;坚持模仿创新,更新办学理念,跨越后发优势陷阱;迁移先进经验,办具有乡土气息的特色学校;抓住政策机遇,主动融入城乡教育共同体。

The pattern of strong education development in urban area and weak rural education has given birth to the late-mover advantages of the rural education development that is vital to the rural revitalization.This paper tried to clarify the multi-dimensional late-mover advantages of the rural education as the prerequisites to realize the revitalization.It believed that the external driving force of advanced experience in urban education,the endogenous dynamism of late-mover consciousness in rural education,the collaborative governance vitality of multiple social entities,and the practical tension of educational policy supply have formed the advantages in experience,conception,material,and policy for rural education revitalization.It suggested that the late-mover advantages in rural education are potential rather than practical,with the artificial characteristics of realization.It accordingly recommended that rural education needs to firmly boost confidence in the path of independent innovation on existing achievements,adhere to integration and innovation,update educational philosophies,overcome the trap of latecomer advantages,transfer advanced experience to develop characteristic localized schools,seize policy opportunities and actively integrate into the urban-rural education communities to transform potential advantages into practical development advantages.