泌阳县肉牛饲料原料霉菌毒素污染状况调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Pollution Status of Mycotoxin in Beef Cattle Feed Raw

[目的]为了解掌握我省肉牛饲料中霉菌毒素污染情况,有针对性的指导养殖场户及饲料加工企业开展霉菌毒素防控,避免霉菌毒素污染对饲料品质和肉牛健康的危害,降低经济损失。[方法]本研究对来自河南省泌阳县8个养殖场户的22份肉牛饲料原料进行分析,采用ELISA方法测定了饲料原料中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)、呕吐毒素(DON)及T-2毒素(T-2)的含量。[结果]结果表明,在所检测的22份饲料原料中都存在不同程度的霉菌毒素污染情况,其中,72.73%的饲料原料受到2种及以上霉菌毒素污染。AFB1是污染最为严重的毒素,检出率高达{90.91%},超标率达59.1%,尤其是在麦秸、花生秧和玉米中的污染表现得更为突出。其次是T-2毒素,检出率为77.27%,在麦秸和青贮玉米中污染严重。DON、ZEN及OTA毒素检出率为36.36%、27.27%及27.27%,其中,DON毒素的最大检测值为5830.3μg/kg。[结论]以上结果表明,泌阳县肉牛饲料原料中霉菌毒素污染现象普遍存在,霉菌毒素共存现象也较为严重。

[Objective]The present study aimed to investigate the mycotoxin contamination status in beef cattle feed raw materials in Henan province,so as to guide and help livestock and poultry breeding enterprises and feed processing enterprises to carry out mycotoxin prevention and control,to avoid the harm of mycotoxin contamination to feed quality and beef cattle health and to reduce economic losses.[Methods]In this study,a total of 22 beef cattle feed material samples from 8 beef cattle breeding enterprises in Biyang county of Henan province were collected.ELISA technology was used to measure the content of aflatoxin B1(AFB1),zearalenone(ZEN),ochratoxin A(OTA),vomitoxin(DON)and T-2 toxin in these beef cattle feed material samples.[Results]The results showed that mycotoxin contamination was found in all the 22 feed materials,among which 72.73%were contaminated by 2 or more kinds of mycotoxins.AFB1 was the most serious polluted torate of 90.91 and over-standard rate of 59.09%,especially in wheat straw,groundnut and maize.The second 39 serious polluted toxin was T-2 toxin with a pollution rate of 77.27%,which was seriously polluted in wheat straw 40 and silage corn.The overall pollution rates of DON,ZEN and OTA toxin in all the measured feed materials were 4136.36%,27.27%and 27.27%,respectively.For DON toxin pollution,the maximum value was 5830.3μg/kg.[Conclusions]The above results indicated that mycotoxin contamination was common in beef cattle feed materials in Biyang county,and the coexistence of mycotoxin was also serious.