晚清至民国中英留学政策变迁及其影响

The Changes and Influences of Chinese and British Overseas Student Policy from the Late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China

晚清至民国中英留学政策在英国推行殖民主义、中国社会“救亡图存”背景下,以洋务运动中的“海军留英”、民国时期的“庚款留英”和抗日战争期间的英国对华援助三大事件为中心,整体呈现发展曲折、政策体系不健全和受美、法两国影响大等特点。海军留学阶段,清政府大力派遣海军留英生,英方基本接收;庚款留英阶段,英国跟随美国脚步,推行“庚款兴学”;抗日战争阶段,英国积极推动中英教育交流,以此作为援华政策的一部分。留英教育帮助中国培养了多领域人才,推动了我国近现代教育、科技、军事、思想文化等方面的进步。

From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,the Chinese and British overseas student policy was based on the background of British colonialism and the"national salvation"of Chinese society.It revolved around the three major events,"Naval Study in Britain"in the Self-Strengthening Movement,"Boxer Indemnity Study in Britain"in the Republic of China and British aid to China during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.The overall development was tortuous,the policy system was not perfect and was greatly influenced by the United States and France.At the stage of naval study abroad,the Qing government vigorously dispatched naval students to study in Britain,and the British basically received them all.At the stage of studying in Britain by Boxer Indemnity,Britain followed the footsteps of the United States and promoted the boxer indemnities to sponsor education.During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,Britain actively promoted Sino-British educational exchanges as part of its policy of assisting China.Education in Britain has helped China cultivate talents in many fields and promoted the progress of modern education,science and technology,military,ideology and culture in China.