从医院到家庭过渡中的早产儿父母照护体验及需求质性研究的Meta整合

Experience and needs of parental care for premature infants during the transition from hospital to home: a Meta-synthesis of qualitative studies

目的系统评价从医院到家庭过渡过程中早产儿父母的照护体验及需求。方法计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Scopus、PsycINFO、CINAHL、中国知网、维普网、中国生物医学文献数据库和万方数据库中有关早产儿从医院过渡到家庭过程中父母照护体验及需求的质性研究,检索时限均为建库至2023年6月3日。采用澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准对检索出的研究进行评价,采用汇集性整合的方法对质性研究结果进行整合。结果共纳入14篇文献,提炼出39个研究结果,归纳为9个类别,并综合形成3个整合结果,分别为依赖期(早产儿父母喜悦与担忧并存、较为依赖医护人员的专业支持);震荡期(早产儿父母产生负性情绪、面临居家照护和角色转换双重困难、需要家庭内部支持和外部专业支持);适应期(早产儿父母积极应对改变、寻求同伴支持、生活过渡到"新常态")。结论从医院到家庭的过渡是动态变化的过程,过渡过程中早产儿父母经历了复杂的情绪体验和角色的转变,需要医护人员、家庭成员及同伴的支持。医护工作者应关注父母的心理变化和多元化需求,提供专业支持和指导,帮助其适应父母角色,有利于促进早产儿健康成长。

Objective To systematically evaluate the experience and needs of parental care for premature infants during the transition from hospital to home.Methods Qualitative studies on the experience and needs of parental care for premature infants transitioning from hospital to home were electronically searched in Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Scopus,PsycINFO,CINAHL,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,VIP,China Biomedical Medline Disc,and WanFang Data.The search period was from the establishment of the database to June 3,2023.The retrieved studies were evaluated using the quality evaluation criteria for qualitative research of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center.The qualitative research results were integrated using the method of aggregation integration.Results A total of 14 articles were included,39 research results were extracted,categorized into nine categories.These categories were integrated into three synthesized results,namely the dependency period(parents of premature infants coexisted with joy and concern,and relied on professional support from medical and nursing staff),shock period(parents of premature infants developed negative emotions,faced dual difficulties in home care and role switching,and needed internal and external professional support from the family),adaptation period(parents of premature infants actively responded to changes,sought peer support,and transitioned to the"new normal"of life).Conclusions The transition from hospital to home is a dynamic process.During the transition process,parents of premature infants undergo complex emotional experiences and role transitions,requiring support from healthcare professionals,family members,and peers.Medical and nursing workers should pay attention to the psychological changes and diverse needs of parents,provide professional support and guidance to help them adapt to the role of parents,and promote the healthy growth of premature infants.