地缘政治竞争为何复兴?

The Return of Geopolitics:Why?

地缘政治作为主权国家维护和拓展生存空间的一种战略手段,是国际体系权力结构稳定与变革的晴雨表。当国家之间采取相互合作的地缘政治战略时,国际体系的权力结构通常处于相对稳定状态;而当国家之间采取相互竞争的地缘政治战略时,表明国际体系的权力结构处于危机状态或出现变革的态势。基于国际政治经济学折中主义的视角,通过对资本主义世界体系的基本特征及其在当代的表现形态、资本主义世界体系的结构性危机,以及资本主义世界体系的周期性变化详细分析,可以发现,无休止地追求资本积累是资本主义的本质特征,单一的世界经济和多重的国家体系是国家之间进行地缘政治合作或地缘政治竞争的内在动力,而资本主义世界体系固有的结构性危机及周期性变化(特别是康德拉季耶夫周期和霸权周期),则是2008年全球金融危机之后地缘政治竞争复兴和加剧的根本原因。

Geopolitics,as a strategic means for sovereign states to maintain and expand their living space,is a barometer of stability and change in the power structure of the international system.While cooperative geopolitics creates stability and balance of powers in international order,competitive geopolitics means crisis and change of the international system.FI romtheeclecticism perspective in international political economy,this article summarizes the basic principles of the capitalist world-economy and its performance under American hegemony,analyzes how its inherent structural crisis generates geopolitical cooperation or competition under globalization,and examines the relations between periodical changes in the world-economy and geopolitics.It concludes that the endless pursuit of capital accumulation is the inherent nature of capitalism,and a single capitalist worldeconomy and multiple-state system are the basis for geopolitical cooperation and competition among states.The structural crisis and cyclical changes inherent in the capitalist world system(especially the Kondratieff cycle and the hegemonic cycle)are the fundamental reasons for the revival and intensification of geopolitical competition in the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis.