社会心智中的认知渗透与预测加工

Cognitive Penetration and Predictive Processing in the Social Mind

社会心智是我们处理和运用他人信息的能力。近年来,许多研究者对社会心智的情境性特征进行了富有成效的研究。然而,“情境”不仅涉及个体行动和与他人交互的具体语境,还涉及更为广阔和根本的文化境遇。从知觉的认知可渗透性视角看,文化以内生的方式渗透到对他人的知觉经验中,影响甚至“改写”个体对他人的理解和判断;从预测加工的视角看,文化不但作为先验知识的重要组成部分构成了社会性预测的起点,而且作为降低错误预测的调节参数渗透在大脑的层级预测结构中。由此,文化对社会心智的建构不但能够在认识论上得到辩护,同时在经验上也能够得到说明。

Social mind is the capability of processing the information about the self and others.In the recent years,many researchers have focused on the situated characteristics of the social mind.However,"situation"does not only refer to the specific context in which individuals interact with others but al-so to the more fundamental cultural circumstances.From the perspective of cognitive penetration of perception,culture penetrates our perceptual experi-ence of others in an intrinsic way.From the perspective of predictive processing,culture,ias an essential component of prior knowledge,constitutes the starting point of social prediction and permeates the hierarchical prediction structure of the brain.Therefore,the construction of social mind by culture can be justified not in epistemology,but also in empirical studies.