2010-2021年中国就业水平的测度及量化分析

Measurement and Quantitative Analysis of China’s Employment Level during 2010-2021

厘清中国就业水平状况是实现稳就业、促就业的重要前提。本文以历年政府就业政策文件为基础,构建了中国更充分更高质量就业水平评价指标体系,并运用熵权法等多种量化分析方法,对2010-2021年中国就业水平进行分析。研究发现:2010-2021年期间,中国就业水平年均增长率为7.0%,保持稳定的增长趋势,充分就业水平年均增长率高于高质量就业水平年均增长率;东部地区就业水平高于其它地区,中西部地区发展速度更快;地区间差异、新兴产业分别是中国就业水平空间差异、结构差异的主要来源;在空间集聚模式上,高就业水平主要集聚在东部地区,其它三大地区以低就业水平集聚模式为主。在当前中国深入实施就业优先战略的背景下,本文的研究有助于为未来进一步提高中国就业水平提供重要参考依据。

Clarifying the employment level in China is an important prerequisite for achieving the goals of stabilizing employment and promoting employment.Based on previous government employment policy documents,this article constructs an evaluation index system for China's employment level from adequate and high-quality dimensions.Quantitative analysis methods such as the entropy weight method are used to analyze China's employment level from 2010 to 2021.The study finds that during the period from 2010 to 2021,the average annual growth rate of China's employment level was 7.0%,maintaining a stable growth trend,and the development speed of the adequate employment level was greater than that of the high-quality employment level;The employment level in the eastern region is higher than that in other regions,while the development speed in the central and western regions is faster;Regional differences are the main source of spatial differences in China's employment level,while structural differences mainly come from emerging industries;In terms of spatial agglomeration mode,high employment levels are mainly concentrated in the eastern region,while the other three major regions mainly focus on low employment level agglomeration mode.In the background of China's implementation of employment priority policies,this study provides an important reference for further improving China's employment level in the future.