易学视域下魏禧的文学思想探析

An Analysis of Wei Xi’s Literary Thought from the Perspective of Yi-ology

受易学影响,魏禧形成了“明理达变”的文学思想。他充分认识到了事物的变化属性,主张以《周易》中“体物入微”的态度去考察写作对象,从而达到“析理入微”的创作境界。《周易》中辩证的思维方式深刻影响了魏禧,他指出“变”与“不变”可相互转化,“理之极”者可“御天下之变”,并认为理明者辞必简,推崇“简净”的文章审美风貌。在“二元”思维下,魏禧意识到了文章有“刚柔”之别。受《周易》中“阳主阴从”理念的影响,他偏向于阳刚之美。“阳”有“生生不息”“动而不止”的特点,故而他欣赏气势澎湃、情感饱满的文章。魏禧认识到了“过刚易折”,因此主张在创作中要“以柔济刚”,运用“曲折”的文法实现明理达变的审美理想。

Influenced by Yi-ology,Wei Xi formed the literary thought of“understanding principles and change.”He fully recognized the attribute of change in things,and advocated to examine the object of writing with the attitude of“understanding things into the subtle”in the Book of Changes,so as to achieve the creative realm of“analyzing the principles into the subtle.”The dialectical way of thinking in the Book of Changes profoundly influenced Wei Xi.He pointed out that“change”and“invariability”could be transformed into each other,and that those who understand the reasons could“control the changes in the world”and believed that a clear understanding of reasons leads to concise expression,and he advocated the“concise and profound”aesthetic style in writing.Under the“dual”thinking,Wei Xi realized the distinction between“rigidity and flexibility”in articles.Influenced by the concept of“yang dominates yin and yin follows”in the Book of Changes,he favored the beauty of force.Yang is characterized by“endless vitality”and“moving without stopping,”so he appreciated the articles that were powerful and full of emotion.Wei Xi realized that“excessive rigidity leads to breakage,”so he advocated“using flexibility to complement rigidity”in creation,and employing“twists and turns”in language to achieve the aesthetic ideal of understanding principles and change.