主动脉夹层与心肌梗死鉴别诊断模型的建立与验证

Establishment and Validation of a Model for Differential Diagnosis between Aortic Dissection and Myocardial Infarction

目的主动脉夹层与心肌梗死的临床表现大多都以胸痛为主,在临床中易发生误诊,导致灾难性的后果。因此本研究拟建立鉴别诊断模型并验证,以期实现早期的准确诊断。方法收集200例于郑州大学第二附属医院确诊为心肌梗死患者、120例确诊为主动脉夹层患者的相关信息,包括年龄、性别、入院时的血常规、电解质、心肌坏死标志物及凝血功能等信息,并将患者分为心肌梗死组、主动脉夹层组。通过t检验及方差分析、二元Logistic回归分析找出独立危险因素,进一步利用R语言绘制列线图,制定鉴别诊断评分表并进行验证。结果两组患者的降钙素原、凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)、国际标准化比值(international normalized ratio,INR)、纤维蛋白(原)降解产物(fibrin degradation product,FDP)、D-二聚体、白细胞计数(white blood cell,WBC)、中性粒细胞百分比、淋巴细胞百分比、中性粒细胞绝对值、淋巴细胞绝对值、C反应蛋白、心肌肌钙蛋白T(cardiac troponin T,cTNT)、肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase isozyme,CK-MB)、收缩压比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果进一步显示,降钙素原、D-二聚体、C反应蛋白、收缩压是诊断主动脉夹层的独立危险因素,而淋巴细胞百分比、淋巴细胞绝对值是诊断心肌梗死的独立危险因素。根据列线图制定的评分表验证结果,受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.978,最佳截断值为40.70分。敏感度和特异性为92.5%和96.0%。结论降钙素原、D-二聚体、C反应蛋白、收缩压是诊断主动脉夹层的独立危险因素,而淋巴细胞百分比、淋巴细胞绝对值是诊断心肌梗死的独立危险因素。本研究提出的鉴别诊断评分表能够有效地对主动脉夹层和心肌梗死患者进行早期鉴别,从而指导进一步的临床诊治。

Objective Most of the clinical manifestations of aortic dissection and myocardial infarction are chest pain,which can easily lead to misdiagnosis and disastrous consequences.Therefore,this study intends to establish a differential diagnosis model and verify it in order to achieve early accurate prediction.Methods The relevant information of 200 patients with myocardial infarction and 120 patients with aortic dissection diagnosed in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University was collected,including age,gender,blood routine examination,electrolytes,markers of myocardial necrosis and blood coagulation function at admission.The patients were divided into myocardial infarction group and aortic dissection group.The independent risk factors were found out through t-test,ANOVA and binary Logistic regression analysis,and the nomogram was further drawn using R language to develop and validate the differential diagnosis scoring table.Results The procalcitonin,prothrombin time(PT)、international normalized ratio(INR)、fibrin degradation product(FDP),D-dimer,white blood cell(WBC),percentage of neutrophil,percentage of lymphocyte,absolute value of neutrophil,absolute value of lymphocyte,C-reactive protein,cardiac troponin T(cTNT)、creatine kinase isozyme(CK-MB),systolic blood pressure of patients in the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05),There was no significant difference in other indexes(P>0.05).Binary Logistic regression analysis further showed that procalcitonin,D-dimer,C-reactive protein and systolic blood pressure were independent risk factors for diagnosing aortic dissection,while percentage of lymphocyte and absolute value of lymphocyte were independent risk factors for diagnosing myocardial infarction.According to the validation results of the score table developed by the nomogram,the the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.978,and the best cut-off value was 40.70 points.The sensitivity and specificity were 92.5%and 96.0%.Conclusion This study confirms that procalcitonin,D-dimer,C-reactive protein and systolic blood pressure are independent risk factors for diagnosing aortic dissection,while percentage of lymphocyte and absolute value of lymphocyte are independent risk factors for diagnosing myocardial infarction.The differential diagnosis scoring table proposed in this study can effectively differentiate patients with aortic dissection and myocardial infarction at an early stage,so as to guide further clinical diagnosis and treatment.