西藏草地退化界定及其原因分析

Definition and Causes Analysis of Grassland Degradation in Xizang

目前草地退化概念不统一,退化原因分析不明晰,为草地保护、修复及研究交流带来不便。文中通过分析国内外文献总结西藏草地退化概念及其相应的退化原因:1)西藏草地退化的概念主要从草地生态、草地生产及兼顾生态和生产3个角度来定义,但这些定义都存在局限性;2)西藏草地退化原因主要从自然因素和人为因素2个方面考虑。综合分析得出,宜从生态学角度综合评价草地退化概念,注重生态系统协调与平衡,其本质特征是草地生态系统的关键生态功能受损。此外,考虑到全球气候变化,草地生态变化不应被简单定义为退化或恢复。在厘清草地退化概念的基础上明晰其退化的根本原因,可为西藏草地保护与可持续发展等提供依据。

At present,the concept of grassland degradation is unclear and the analysis of degradation causes is not clear,which may cause inconvenience to grassland protection,restoration,research and exchange.Through domestic and foreign literature research,this paper summarizes the concept of grassland degradation in Xizang and its corresponding degradation causes.It is concluded that:1) The concept of grassland degradation in Xizang is primarily defined from three perspectives:grassland ecology,grassland production,and a combination of both.However,these definitions have their limitations;2) The causes of grassland degradation in Xizang are mainly considered from two aspects:natural factors and human-induced factors.An integrated analysis suggests that the concept of grassland degradation should be evaluated holistically from an ecological standpoint,emphasizing the harmony and balance of the ecosystem.Its core characteristic is the impairment of the key ecological functions of the grassland ecosystem.Additionally,given global climate change,changes in grassland ecology should not be simplistically labeled as degradation or recovery.By clarifying the concept of grassland degradation and pinpointing its fundamental causes,this study aims to provide insights for the protection and sustainable development of grasslands in Xizang.