美国国土安全审查制度的框架及其启示

The Framework of the U.S.Homeland Security Review System and Implications

[研究目的]解构美国国土安全审查制度的框架,为完善我国国家安全审查制度提供参考。[研究方法]通过解构美国国土安全审查制度的发展及其框架,旨在分析美国国土安全审查制度的审查目标、制度保障、审查主体、审查流程和审查方法,并重点剖析国土安全风险评估方法。[研究结论]研究表明,美国形成了由国土安全部主导、联邦政府、非联邦政府和部门等多元主体协同参与,以识别并排序国土安全风险、明确国土安全任务并制定国土安全战略为目标,以国土安全风险评估方法为主要审查方法,具有明确制度保障和审查流程的国土安全审查模式。我国应从顶层设计国家安全审查目标和任务、审查主体、审查方法和制度保障,从多个维度构建我国国家安全审查制度。

[Research purpose]Deconstructing the framework and methods of the U.S.homeland security review system provides a reference for further improving our national security review system.[Research method]By deconstructing the development and the framework of the U.S.Homeland Security Review System,aim is analyz the review objectives,review system guarantees,review subjects,review processes,and review methods of the U.S.Homeland Security Review System,with a focus on analyzing the methods of homeland security risk assessment.[Research conclusion]As research shows,the U.S.has formed a homeland security review model,which is led by the department of homeland security,participated by multiple entities including the federal government,nonfederal government,and departments;the purpose of which is to identify and prioritize homeland security risks,clarify homeland security tasks,and develop homeland security strategies;the method of which is homeland security national risk assessment and with clear institutional guarantee and review process.Our country should design national security review goals and tasks,review subjects,review methods,and institutional guarantees at the top level,and construct a national security review system from multiple dimensions.