国有林场人力资本的存量与质量提升

The Improvement of Human Capital Stock and Quality in State-owned Forest Farms

基于2019—2020年黑龙江省国有林区民生情况,借助计算机辅助面访调查技术,运用模糊物元法构建国有林场人力资本评价指标体系,对国有林区人力资本水平进行评价。结果表明:医疗卫生对职工家庭可持续生计影响非常大,属于家庭灾难性卫生支出,同时医疗卫生也可能会影响林区职工对子女的人力资本教育投资;对国有林区整体来说,振兴林区的根本出路在于提高劳动者的素质,而衡量劳动者素质高低的标准是劳动者的受教育程度,劳动者受教育程度对家庭生计资产和生计策略均产生较大影响。因此,有必要在存量上控制林业中人力资本的流失;增量上改进人才引进机制,吸引人才;质量上以立体化职业培训网络为主要力量,为进一步提升劳动者人力资本的增量、存量与质量提供保障。

⑴Background——The evaluation of human capital can provide a scientific basis for improving the level of human capital in the state-owned forest farms,ensure the smooth transformation of the workers livelihood,and minimize the impact of the implementation of the policy on the life of the workers families.⑵Methods——The research data came from the monitoring survey of people s livelihood in the key state-owned forest areas in Northeast China carried out by the College of Economics and Management of Northeast Forestry University,and the valid sample number was 243 households.This paper firstly established the evaluation indicators system of human capital of the state-owned forest farms in Northeast China by using fuzzy matter-element method,then analyzed the past human capital status and existing problems of the state-owned forest farms in Northeast China through these standardized and systematic quantitative indicators,and finally put forward some relevant policy suggestions.⑶Results——Although the comprehensive evaluation level of human capital of Suiling and Youhao Forestry Bureau Co.,Ltd.did not change from 2019 to 2020,there were some differences in the specific values of evaluation indicators.In 2020,the specific evaluation indicator value of Suiling Forestry Bureau Co.,Ltd.increased by 0.0682,while the specific evaluation indicator value of Youhao Forestry Bureau Co.,Ltd.decreased by 0.0034.The occurrence of data fluctuation was more likely to be caused by the randomness of sample household selection.The comprehensive evaluation level of human capital of Qinghe and Wumahe Forestry Bureau Co.,Ltd.changed.The comprehensive evaluation level of human capital of Qinghe Forestry Bureau Co.,Ltd.changed from good to excellent,and the comprehensive evaluation level of human capital of Wumahe Forestry Bureau Co.,Ltd.changed from medium to poor.This was largely the result of disastrous household health expenditures and vocational skills training.Therefore,improving the level of human capital should focus more on the health and education of the workers.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——Human capital is one of the most important input factors of economic production,which directly participates in the process of economic production.Generally speaking,a higher level of education can enhance the ability of workers to innovate and start businesses,optimize the structure of the labor forces,improve the quality of human capital,improve labor productivity,create economic value,and then meet the needs of social development.Human capital has economic value,and the production capacity contained in it shows a trend of multiplication and expansion.Human capital can greatly affect the research and development and application of technology,improve the productivity of labor and material capital,promote the quality change,efficiency change and power change of economic development,and increase production income.Therefore,it is very important to solve the problems of the formation,development and accumulation of human capital to realize the sustainable livelihood of the workers of the state-owned forest areas in Northeast China.So the government should improve the existing relevant systems conducive to the accumulation of human capital,such as education,health care,social security and other systems,on the basis of making full use of the stock of human capital,accelerate the accumulation of human capital increment,and at the same time improve the quality of human capital.On the stock of human capital,we should control the loss of human capital in forestry.On the increment of human capital,we should perfect the introduction mechanism of talents in order to attract talents better.On the quality of human capital,we should take the three-dimensional vocational training network as the main force to strengthen the skills training of the workers.