“娱人”与“娱神”:汉代西南夷乐舞中的“羽舞”探究

"Entertaining People"and"Entertaining Gods":An Exploration of the"Feather Dance"in Southwest Yi Music and Dance in the Han Dynasty

在汉代文献中出现的“四夷乐”之一的西南夷“羽舞”,以头戴羽冠、身着鸟尾长裙,作徒手或手持羽器等道具的人物形象被刻画在我国西南地区出土的汉代青铜器上,有着对狩猎活动进行舞蹈化再现的特征,并且逐步衍生出以“娱人”为目的的戏剧化新模式。而广泛装饰于汉代西南地区铜鼓上的“羽人舞蹈纹”常伴随太阳纹、鸟纹组合出现,结合当地与舞蹈相关的神话样本发现“羽舞”作为一种祭祀手段,目的还在于达成当时人们沟通天地以“娱神”的信仰追求。

The Southwest Yi"feather dance",one of the"Four Yi Music",which appeared in the Han Dynasty literature,was depicted on the Han Dynasty bronzes unearthed in Southwest China with the character image of wearing a feather crown,wearing a bird tail long skirt,and using bare hands or holding feather objects.It has the characteristics of choreographic reproduction of hunting activities,and gradually derived a new dramatic mode for the purpose of"Entertaining People".The"feather dance pattern"which was widely decorated on the bronze drums in the southwest region of the Han Dynasty often appeared with the combination of sun pattern and bird pattern.Combined with the local myth samples related to dance,it was found that"feather dance"was a means of sacrifice,and the purpose was to achieve the belief pursuit of"Entertaining Gods"to communicate the heaven and earth at that time.