有机磷农药的危害及其水解预处理的效应综述

Review on Harm of Organophosphorus Pesticides and Effects of Hydrolysis Pretreatment

通过有机磷农药对人体健康和生态环境影响的分析得出有机磷农药的广泛使用对土壤肥力和水生态健康具有潜在的威胁,长期接触会导致人体各种严重疾病;对有机磷水解反应的机理、增强措施和典型降解途径进行了详细研究,表明水解反应对各种有机磷农药能够进行有效的预处理,且碱解预处理的亲核性更好,降解途径中所需的活化能垒更低,更加适合有机磷农药的水解预处理。此外,还探索了其他有潜力的有机磷农药预处理方法,且都有一定的优缺点,表明在未来的研究中应该重视多种方法的结合。

Through the analysis of the impact of organophosphorus pesticides on human health and ecological environment,it is concluded that the extensive use of organophosphorus pesticides has potential threats to soil fertility and water ecological health,and long-term exposure can lead to various serious diseases in the human body.The mechanism,enhancement measures and typical degradation pathways of organophosphorus hydrolysis were studied in detail,showing that the hydrolysis reaction can effectively pretreat various organophosphorus pesticides,and the nucleophilicity of alkaline hydrolysis pretreatment was better,the required activation energy barrier was lower,which was more suitable for the hydrolysis pretreatment of organophosphorus pesticides.In addition,other potential pretreatment methods for organophosphorus pesticides were also explored,and they all had certain advantages and disadvantages,indicating that the combination of multiple methods should be paid attention to in future research.