江西省耕地面源污染时空特征及脱钩关系研究

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics and Decoupling Relationship of Non-point Source Pollution of Cultivated Land in Jiangxi Province

为江西省的耕地面源污染治理提供科学参考,以江西省84个县(区)为研究对象,分析了2010—2020年化肥施用强度和畜禽粪尿排放强度的耕地面源污染时空特征,并探究了农业生产(粮食产量、肉类产量)与耕地面源污染(化肥施用总量、畜禽粪尿排放总量)的脱钩关系。结果表明,时间上,2010—2020年江西省耕地面源污染状况有所减轻,化肥施用总量和畜禽粪尿排放总量均呈先增后减的趋势,且均在2015年达到最大值,分别为143.58×10^(4)t和8474.26×10^(4)t,之后持续下降;空间上,江西省耕地面源污染表现出明显的空间差异性,化肥施用强度较高的地区主要分布在南部和中部,畜禽粪尿排放强度较高的地方集中分布在南部、西部和中部,且呈现聚集的态势;江西省粮食产量与化肥施用量之间多次出现弱脱钩关系,有着从弱脱钩向强脱钩方向发展的趋势;肉类产量与畜禽粪排放总量之间以弱脱钩类型居多,有从弱脱钩转向弱负脱钩的发展趋势,表明江西省的畜禽养殖面源污染防治任务仍很艰巨。

To provide scientific reference for the management of arable land surface source pollution in Jiangxi province,the spatial and temporal characteristics of arable land surface source pollution in terms of fertilizer application intensity and livestock,poultry,feces and urine emission intensity from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed with 84 counties(districts)in Jiangxi province as the research object,and the decoupling relationship between agricultural production(grain production,meat production)and arable land surface source pollution(total fertilizer application,total livestock,poultry,feces and urine emission)was explored.The results showed that temporally,the surface source pollution situation of arable land in Jiangxi province was reduced from 2010 to 2020,and the total amount of fertilizer application and the total amount of livestock feces and urine emission both showed a trend of increase followed by decrease,and both of them reached the maximum value in 2015,which was 143.58×10^(4) t and 8474.26×10^(4) t,respectively,and then continued to decline;spatially,arable land surface source pollution in Jiangxi province showed a distinctive spatial variability,the areas with higher fertilizer application intensity are mainly distributed in the south and central,and the places with higher livestock manure and urine emission intensity are concentrated in the south,west,and central,and showed an aggregation trend;The weak decoupling relationship between grain production and fertilizer application in Jiangxi province has occured many times,with a tendency to developed from weak decoupling to strong decoupling;the meat production and the animal and poultry manure emission.The total amount of meat production and livestock and poultry manure emissions were mostly weakly decoupled,with a tendency to moved from weak decoupling to weak negative decoupling,indicated that the task of preventing and controlling surface pollution from livestock and poultry farming in Jiangxi province is still very difficult.