日本社区养老服务与设施发展历程探索及启示

Exploration to and Inspiration of the Development of Community-based Elderly Care Service and Facility in Japan

社区型养老服务与设施具有良好的社会与经济效益,也是我国养老事业未来发展的重点。日本的社区型养老服务历经20余年演进,探索出具有特色的设施体系,其近年的发展基于区域统括护理的理念,提升服务与设施设置的灵活性和人性化程度。文章回顾日本养老政策的发展历程,梳理社区养老服务模式与小规模多功能设施出现的背景及特点,分析区域统括护理体系的概念与发展现状,探讨日本经验对我国社区养老服务特别是乡村地区养老设施发展带来的启示。

The social and economic benefit of community-based elderly care service and facilities is excellent,and it is also the emphasis for future development of China’s elderly care business.Through evolution for more than twenty years,characteristic facilities system has been explored in the community-based elderly care service in Japan,its development in the recent years has been based on the idea of regional holistic nursing,so as to improve the flexibility and humanization degree of service and facilities setting.This paper reviews the development process of elderly care policy in Japan,combs the background and feature of community elderly care service pattern and the emergence of small-scale multi-purpose facilities,analyzes the concept and development status of regional holistic nursing system,and explores the revelation brought about by Japanese experience to community elderly care service in China,especially the development of elderly care facilities in rural areas.