《道德经》与《论语》哲思融通性研究

A Study on the Philosophical Compatibility of Tao Te Ching and The Analects of Confucius

传统研究《道德经》与《论语》的关系主要聚焦于两者的对立和互补,却忽视了两者内在的触类旁通。若以文本互涉分析为基础,就会发现构建《道德经》与《论语》的哲学思想的基本框架是融合共通的,皆自反思礼崩乐坏始,寻得以道和仁为首的社会整治之法,经无为而治的实践探索,实现以服务政治为目标,即它们的方法论、实践观及价值观是相通的。尤为重要的是其政论思想所表现的相互影响和一致性:《道德经》政治思想是《论语》政治思想的基础,《道德经》的“无名而治”是基于对《论语》“为政以名”批判得到的政论思想体系,所以“名”是儒道通融最为核心的要义。

Traditionally,the research on the relationship between Tao Te Ching and The Analects of Confucius mainly focuses on their opposition and complementarity,while ignoring their inherent parasitic relationship.However,this study,based on the textual interaction analysis,finds that the fundamental framework of their philosophical thoughts is compatible:starting from the reflection on the collapse of etiquette and music;seeking the social rectification method led by Dao and benevolence;practically exploring the inaction governance;achieving the goal of serving politics.That is,their methodology,practical views,and values are interconnected.Of particular importance is their mutual influence and consistency:the political thought in Tao Te Ching is the basis of The Analects;the concept of the“governance without ethical norms”in Tao Te Ching evolves form the criticism on“governance with ethical norms”in The Analects of Confucius.Consequently,“ethical norm”is the core essence in the compatibility of Confucianism and Daoism.