中西方体育文化软实力发展的价值取向及其深层动因

Value Orientation and Deep Motivation of Development of Soft Power in Chinese and Western Sports Culture

后冷战时代,随着文化的价值功能被重新定位,文化软实力竞争日益成为大国之间进行国力竞争的重要内容。美国等西方大国的体育文化软实力战略不同程度地充当了对外政策的工具,其目的在于按西方价值偏好塑造“新的他者”,重建西方体育主导地位;中国体育文化软实力建设则始终聚焦于自身发展,塑造“新的自我”,使中国以和平发展的崭新形象屹立于世界民族之林。之所以如此,根本原因在于,商业文明造就的西方体育文化作为世界体坛的一种强势文化,是西方现代性主流文化的衍生物,一定程度上带有“西方文明优越论”的文化偏见;而中国体育文化与生俱来地携带着中华文明天下观和美德伦理的先天基因,本质上是一种充满人文关怀、具有德性和包容性的柔性文化。在新的历史条件下,正确处理与西方体育文化的关系,建设中华民族现代体育文明,是中国体育文化软实力建设必须直面的时代课题。

In the post-Cold War era,with the repositioning of the value function of culture,cultural soft power competition has increasingly become an important part of the national strength competition between major powers.The soft power strategy of sports culture of the United States and other western powers has acted as a tool of foreign policy to varying degrees,with the aim of shaping the“new other”according to the western value preferences and rebuilding the dominant position of western sports.The construction of China’s sports and cultural soft power has always focused on its own development,shaping a“new self”,and making China stand tall among the nations of the world with a new image of peaceful development.The fundamental reason for this is that the western sports culture created by commercial civilization,as a strong culture in the world sports arena,is a derivative of the mainstream culture of western modernity,and to a certain extent,it carries the cultural bias of“the superiority of western civilization”.Nevertheless,China’s sports culture inherently carries the innate genes of the Chinese civilization’s view of the world and virtue ethics,and is essentially a flexible culture full of humanistic care,virtue and inclusiveness.Under the new historical conditions,correctly handling the relationship with the western sports culture and building the modern sports civilization of the Chinese nation are the topics of the times that must be faced in the construction of China’s sports culture soft power.