以“揽雀尾”为切入点的太极拳技术结构及“舞对合彀”的训练方法

Technical Structure of Taijiquan with“Wrapping the Tail of a Bird”as the Starting Point and Training Method of“Dance Combination”

太极拳当前发展存在的一个很严重的问题是因过分突出健身养生而忽视了作为“拳”之本质的技击。为探寻太极拳的技击本体,便于明晰太极拳的技术结构及相应的训练方法,以太极拳的核心技术“揽雀尾”为研究对象,采用文献资料、专家访谈、实修体悟等方法展开研究,得出以下研究结论:(1)揽雀尾包含了从下向上的掤势、左右转动的捋势、向前逼近的挤势、后坐下引的挂按、弓步向前的推按等技术环节,是一个涵盖上下前后左右6个方向的立体综合技术,在太极拳中处于核心地位;(2)以揽雀尾为核心的太极拳技击训练包括单人舞练、双人对打两方面内容,两者是“舞对合彀”的技术结构,即单人舞练的目的是对打实战,舞练内容与实战内容完全一致;(3)单人舞练训练可以按照外部身体结构的完整训练、内部劲力的整透训练、攻防转化的流畅训练、单势拳路的多样化次第训练4个逐步进阶的步骤依次推进;双人对打训练可按照预备对峙、组合套招、拆招变势、融合归一4个逐步进阶的步骤依次推进。并从进攻方法、技法进阶、技击理念与训练等方面归纳了“揽雀尾”一脉相承的武学思想。

A serious problem in the current development of Taijiquan is that too much emphasis is placed on fitness and health while the essence of“boxing”is ignored.In order to explore the ontology of Taijiquan and help the people to know the technical structure and corresponding training methods of Taijiquan,the core technology of Taijiquan,“holding the tail of a finch”,was taken as the research object,and the research methods such as literature,expert interviews and practice,the following conclusions were drawn.Wrapping the tail of the bird included technical steps such as peng from the bottom up,stroking from left and right rotation,squeezing from forward approach,hanging press from sitting back,pushing forward with lunges,etc.It was a three-dimensional comprehensive technique covering six directions,up and down,back and forth,and plays a core role in Taijiquan.Taijiquan training with finch-tail as the core included two aspects:solo dance training and duet fighting,which were the technical structure of“dance combination”,which meant that the purpose of solo dance training was to fight actual combat,and the content of dance training was completely consistent with the content of actual combat.Solo dance training could be promoted in accordance with the complete training of the external body structure,the internal thorough training,the smooth training of attack and defense transformation,and the four step-by-step steps of the diversification of the single boxing path.Dual sparring training could be carried forward according to the four steps of preparation confrontation,combination set of moves,change of potential and integration.