一种相对高分子质量棉用耐久阻燃剂的合成与应用

Preparation and application of a relatively high molecular durable flame retardant for cotton

以三聚甘油、磷酸和尿素为主要原料,制备了一种相对分子质量高、无甲醛和无卤素的磷酸铵类阻燃剂(ATPPA),并对其结构进行表征。采用“浸轧烘”工艺将阻燃剂接枝到棉织物上。增重率为22.54%的整理棉极限氧指数为47.3%,经过AATCC 61—20132A标准循环洗涤(LCs)50次后,其极限氧指数仍能保持在33.2%,表明整理棉具有良好的耐久性。扫描电镜测试结果表明,ATPPA对棉纤维的形貌无明显影响。锥形量热测试和热重测试结果均表明,ATPPA可以促进棉织物在燃烧时脱水成炭,从而不产生或少产生可燃性气体,达到阻燃目的。

A relatively high molecular mass,formaldehyde-free,and halogen-free ammonium phosphate flame retardant(ATPPA)was synthesized using polyglycerol-3,phosphoric acid,and urea as the main raw materials,and the ATPPA structure was characterized.The flame retardant was grafted onto cotton fabrics by the process of“dipping,rolling and curing”.The limiting oxygen index of the treated cotton with 22.54% weight gain was 47.3%.After 50 cycles of washing(LCs)according to AATCC 61—20132A standard,its limit oxygen index could still be maintained at 33.2%,indicating that the treated cotton has good durability.Scanning electron microscopy testing showed that ATPPA had almost no influence on the structure of the cotton fibers.Cone calorimetry and thermogravimetry analyses indicated that ATPPA promoted the dehydration of cotton fabrics into carbon at high temperatures,thus generating no or less flammable gases and achieving flame retardancy.