中国治理转型过程中社会需求回应的组织形式及其演变机制

The Organizational Form and Evolutionary Mechanism of Social Demand Response in the Process of Governance Transformation in China

政府组织如何回应复杂社会需求的增长一直是中国式现代化过程中所面临的结构性难题之一,也是学界关注的经典理论议题。通过对G省的实证分析发现:政府在回应复杂社会需求过程中逐渐衍生出脱耦型、直控型、间质型3种不同的组织形式。从早期将社会组织编织在科层组织链条中的脱耦型组织,到以专业化运作为主、强化条线控制的直控型组织,再到通过弱化“条线控制”、强化“点块运作”的间质型组织,社会需求回应的组织形式发生了显著的转变。特别是间质型组织打破了典型科层组织的基本特征,一方面,以“结构缺失”促进政府科层组织与组织环境交换,降低科层组织在新的社会制度环境中所面临的组织创新风险;另一方面,组织目标和任务具有灵活性,分工的自主性也较强。由此,通过聚集大量原科层组织的人力、物质等资源,促进社会需求回应创新。研究结论表明,多重组织机制的交织构成政府应对复杂社会需求的动态调适机制,这一机制呈现出“向上趋同、近地变异”的演变特征,更能适应复杂制度环境,这些不同的组织策略与类型在不同阶段促进了政府组织的长期发展,有效回应了社会需求的发展与变化。

How government organizations respond to the growth of complex social needs has always been a major structural challenge faced by China in the process of modernization,and it is also a classic theoretical issue of academic concern.Through empirical analysis of Province G,the study found that the government has gradually developed three different organizational forms in response to complex social needs:decoupling,direct control,and interstitial.From the decoupling organization that weaved social organizations into the hierarchical organizational chain in the early stage,to the direct control organization that focused on specialized operations and strengthened line control,and then to the interstitial organization that weakened“line control”and strengthened“point block operation”,the organizational form of social demand response has undergone a significant transformation.Especially the interstitial organization breaks the basic characteristics of typical bureaucratic organizations.On one hand,it promotes the exchange between government bureaucratic organizations and the organizational environment through“structural deficiencies”,reducing the organizational innovation risks faced by bureaucratic organizations in the new social institutional environment.On the other hand,organizational goals and tasks have flexibility and strong autonomy in division of labor.Therefore,by gathering a large number of human,material and other resources from the original bureaucratic organizations,we can promote innovation in responding to social needs.The research conclusion indicates that the interweaving of multiple organizational mechanisms constitutes a dynamic adjustment mechanism for the government to respond to complex social needs.This mechanism exhibits the evolutionary characteristics of“upward convergence and near ground variation”,and is more adaptable to complex institutional environments.These different organizational strategies and types promote the long-term development of government organizations at different stages,effectively responding to the development and changes of social needs.