新邵县繁殖期和越冬期鸟类物种多样性调查

Survey on Avian Species Diversity During Breeding and Over-wintering Periods in Xinshao County

【目的】鸟类是生物多样性的重要组成部分,掌握某县域内鸟类资源状况,对于该县域内鸟类多样性保护工作具有重要意义。【方法】2022年5月—2023年4月,采用样线法在繁殖期和越冬期对湖南省新邵县鸟类分别开展了1次系统调查。【结果】实地记录到鸟类15目49科150种,其中有国家二级重点保护野生鸟类18种,湖南省重点保护野生鸟类69种,中国特有鸟类5种;留鸟80种、夏候鸟30种、冬候鸟23种、旅鸟17种。在110种繁殖鸟中,有东洋界物种78种、古北界20种、广布种12种。繁殖期的鸟类物种数大于越冬期,但Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson指数均小于越冬期。在不同生境中,森林的Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数最高,湿地的Pielou均匀度指数最高,城镇的Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson指数均最低。群落相似性分析结果表明,繁殖期与越冬期的鸟类物种组成成分相似;农田生境与灌丛生境之间的鸟类组成最相似,森林生境与湿地生境之间的鸟类组成差异较大。【结论】本研究丰富了新邵县的生物多样性资源数据,为新邵县鸟类多样性保护提供了基础数据和科学依据。

【Objective】Birds are important components of biodiversity.Mastering avian resources is of great significance for the avian diversity conservation in a county.【Method】From May 2022 to April 2023,a systematic survey on birds in Xinshao County was conducted using line transect method during breeding period and over-wintering period,respectively.【Result】In total,there were 150 species of birds belonging to 49 families and 15 orders recorded in the field.Among them,18 species were ranked as the national second-class key protected birds,69 species were listed as the key protected birds of Hunan Province,and 5 species endemic to China.The 150 birds species included 80 residents,30 summer visitors,23 winter visitors,and 17 passage migrants.Among the 110 breeding birds,there were 78 species of Oriental Realm,20 species of Palearctic Realm and 12 widespread species.The number of bird species in breeding period was larger than that in over-wintering period.However,the Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou evenness index and Simpson index in breeding period were smaller than those in over-wintering period.Among different habitats,the largest Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index were found in forests,the largest Pielou evenness index was found in wetland,and the smallest Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou evenness index and Simpson index were found in town.The community similarity analysis showed that the avian species composition was similar between breeding period and over-wintering period.The similarity index between farmland and shrub was the largest,while that between forest and wetland was the smallest.【Conclusion】This study enriched the biodiversity resources data in Xinshao County,and provided basic data and scientific basis for avian diversity conservation in Xinshao County.