关键种、伞护种、旗舰种在保护生物学领域的研究与应用

Research and Application of Keystone Species,Umbrella Species and Flagship Species in the Field of Conservation Biology

面对当前全球生物多样性丧失的严峻挑战,亟须制定高效的保护决策以减缓生物多样性丧失速度。然而,面对有限的保护及管理资源,如何制定使更多物种受益的保护策略是当前保护工作面临的关键问题之一。代理种的出现可被视为新型保护“捷径”。关键种、伞护种、旗舰种作为3种主流代理种,相关概念及评估标准常存在误用及混淆。基于此,本文系统综述了关键种、伞护种、旗舰种在保护生物学领域的研究,主要包括其概念及保护理念,定性选择标准及定量选择方法,并进一步归纳其在保护生物学领域的具体应用。研究建议在开展保护工作过程中要注意对几种代理种概念进行区分,并倡导利用多物种组合的方式开展保护工作,实现保护效益最大化。研究旨在系统梳理3种主流代理种在保护生物学领域的有关研究及具体应用,以帮助保护工作者更有信心地使用代理种作为高效保护工具,切实助力保护规划及生物多样性保护工作的开展。

Facing the current severe challenges of global biodiversity loss,it is urgent to formulate efficient conservation decisions to slow down the rate of biodiversity loss.However,due to the limited conservation and management resources,one of the key issues in current conservation efforts is how to formulate conservation strategies that benefit more species.The emergence of surrogate species can be regarded as a new conservation“shortcut”.However,the concepts and evaluation criteria of the three main surrogate species(keystone species,umbrella species and flagship species)are often misused and confused.Based on this,we systematically reviewed the research of keystone species,umbrella species and flagship species in the field of conservation biology,mainly including their concepts and conservation concepts,qualitative selection criteria and quantitative selection methods,and further summarized their specific applications in the field of conservation biology.It is suggested that the concept of surrogate species should be distinguished in the process of conservation work,and the combination of multiple species should be advocated to carry out conservation work to maximize the conservation benefit.The purpose of this study is to systematically review the relevant researches and specific applications of three main surrogate species in the field of conservation biology,so as to help conservation workers use surrogate species as an efficient conservation tool more confidently,and effectively facilitate help conservation planning and biodiversity conservation work.