北京市草莓节水灌溉现状及发展建议

Current Situation and Development Suggestions for Strawberry Water-saving Irrigation in Beijing

对北京市6个主产区85位草莓种植户的灌溉相关调研数据,运用描述性统计分析方法,分析了草莓灌溉水源、灌溉设施、灌溉管理和水肥一体化技术应用情况。结果显示:所有灌溉水的pH值均大于7.0,EC值以0.5~0.7 mS·cm^(-1)为主,占比50%;所有受访者均采用了节水灌溉技术,滴灌使用率最高,占比92.9%;灌溉决策的主要影响因子为土壤墒情(占比,94.1%)、天气状况(63.5%)、个人经验(58.8%)、土壤质地(42.4%)、与其他种植户同步(3.5%);草莓整个生育期平均灌溉量基质栽培大于土壤栽培,分别为4479 m3·hm^(-2)和2070 m3·hm^(-2);施肥设备种类丰富,主要包括文丘里施肥器(40.0%)、电动喷雾器(28.2%)、压差式施肥罐(21.2%)、注肥泵(17.7%)、水肥一体机(11.8%)。最后,针对节水设施、灌溉制度和技术培训提出了发展建议。

Based on the relevant research data collected from 85 strawberry grower households in 6 major producing areas of Beijing,the paper analyzed the irrigation water source,irrigation facilities,irrigation management and application of water and fertilizer integrated technology.The results showed that the pH value of all irrigation water was greater than 7.0,and EC value was mainly 0.5-0.7 mS·cm^(-1),accounting for 50%.All respondents adopted the water-saving irrigation technology,and usage rate of drip irrigation was the highest,accounting for 92.9%.The key impact factors for irrigation decision-making were soil moisture content(94.1%),weather conditions(63.5%),personal experience(58.8%),soil texture(42.4%),and synchronization with other grower households(3.5%).The average irrigation quantity in substrate culture 3 during the whole strawberry growth period was greater than that in soil cultivation.They were 4479 m·hm^(-2)3 and 2070.0 m·hm^(-2),respectively.There were various kinds of fertilization equipment,mainly including Venturi fertilizer applicator(40.0%),electric sprayer(28.2%),pressure differential fertilizer pot(21.2%),fertilizer injection pump(17.7%),and water fertilizer integrated machine(11.8%).Finally,this paper put forward some suggestions directing at water-saving facilities,irrigation system and technical training.