药物治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的研究进展

Research progress of pharmacologic therapy in obstructive sleep apnea

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)是一种常见的睡眠呼吸障碍性疾病。作为一种重要的全球公共卫生问题,未经治疗的OSA可导致多种不良的健康后果,包括各种心脑血管疾病、代谢紊乱以及焦虑、抑郁等精神心理疾病。气道正压通气(PAP)、减肥、口腔矫正器、上气道手术、体位疗法等传统的OSA疗法主要针对OSA的解剖学因素。然而,OSA的发病机制是异质性的,非解剖学因素对大多数患者同样发挥着重要的作用。尽管目前尚无疗效确切的药物用于治疗OSA,但是随着人们对OSA病理生理机制的认识更加深刻,越来越多的临床研究致力于药物治疗OSA及其合并症的研究,并取得了一系列成果。本文将对近几年药物治疗OSA的相关研究作一综述,以为将来药物治疗OSA的相关研究提供文献支持及理论依据。

Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is a common sleep disordered breathing disorder.As a major global public health problem,untreated OSA can lead to a variety of adverse health outcomes,including various cardiovascular and cerebrovascu-lar diseases,metabolic disorders,and psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression.Tradition-al OSA therapies such as positive airway pressure(PAP),weight loss,oral appliance,upper airway sur-gery,and postural therapy focus on the anatomical factors of OSA.However,the pathogenesis of OSA is heterogeneous,and non-anatomical factors also play an important role in most patients.Although there is no drug with exact efficacy for the treat-ment of OSA,with the deepening understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of OSA,more and more clinical studies are devoted to the study of drug treatment of OSA and its complications,and a series of results have been achieved.The fol-lowing is a review of the relevant studies on drug treatment of OSA in recent years,hoping to pro-vide literature support and theoretical basis for fu-ture research on drug treatment of OSA.