基于多源大数据的街道空间品质测度及其对街道活力的影响——以广州历史城区为例

Street Space Quality Measurement Based on Multi-source Big Data and Its Impact on Street Vitality:A Case Study of Guangzhou's Historic Urban Area

提升空间品质和街道活力是全面推进高质量城市发展的核心内容之一。以广州历史城区为例,利用街景图片、百度热力图等数据和机器学习等分析技术,基于需求层次理论构建空间品质测度体系,对街道空间品质进行大规模测度,并运用空间计量模型揭示街道空间品质对街道活力的影响及空间溢出效应。结果发现:(1)广州历史城区街道空间品质呈“中心高—外围低”圈层式分布特征,且高品质街道和低品质街道集聚特征显著;(2)广州历史城区街道空间综合品质与街道空间活力呈显著正相关,且街道空间活力具有显著的空间溢出效应;(3)街道空间活力受多个街道空间品质指标的综合影响,步行可达性、设施密度、设施混合度、天空开阔度、界面围合度、可步行指数和社交界面指数越大,交通标识占比越低的街道活力越高。除直接效应外,街道空间品质各维度指标中绝大多数指标对街道活力还具有间接空间溢出效应。

Improving the quality of space and street vitality is one of the core contents of comprehensively promoting the development of high-quality cities.This paper takes the historic city of Guangzhou as an example,uses street view pictures,Baidu heat map,and other data and machine learning analysis techniques to build a spatial quality measurement system based on the hierarchy of needs theory,measures street spatial quality on a large scale,and uses the spatial econometric model to reveal the spatial heterogeneity of the influence of street space quality elements on street vitality.The results find that:1)The spatial quality of streets in the historical urban area of Guangzhou is characterized by"high in the center,low in the periphery",and the agglomeration characteristics of high-quality streets and low-quality streets are significant;2)There is a significant positive correlation between the overall quality of the street space and the street space vitality,and the street space vitality has a significant spillover effect;3)Street space vitality is comprehensively affected by multiple street space quality indexes.The larger the pedestrian accessibility,facility density,facility mixing degree,openness,interface circumference,walkability index,and social interface index,and the lower the traffic sign ratio,the higher the street vitality.In addition to direct effects,most of the indexes of street spatial quality also have indirect spatial spillover effects on street vitality.