民政部门担任遗产管理人的困境与法律对策研究

Study on the Dilemma and Legal Countermeasure of Civil Affairs Department Acting as Estate Administrator

遗产管理人是《民法典》规定的新制度,民政部门作为兜底主体担任遗产管理人是我国法律制度上的一项创新。自《民法典》实施以来,各地都在积极探索民政部门担任遗产管理人的做法与经验,但由于缺乏配套性、操作性、实施性的具体规定,导致民政部门工作中产生许多困惑与问题,影响民政部门遗产管理职能的发挥与落地。应当通过制定立法解释,完善司法解释和相关规范性文件,从源头上解决裁判依据问题,进一步明确民政部门在遗产管理实务中独立的法律地位和诉讼主体地位,细化指定遗产管理人确认和启动程序在内的各项具体规则,制定遗产管理人工作操作指引,明确承担遗产管理职能的内设机构、职责、人员、编制和经费,并加快专业人才的培养步伐,使这一新制度能够落地落实,实现《民法典》的立法宗旨。

The estate administrator is a new system stipulated in the Civil Code,and the civil affairs department acting as the backstop is also an innovation in our legal system.Since the implementation of the Civil Code,all localities have been actively exploring the practices and experiences of civil affairs departments as estate administrators.However,due to the lack of specific provisions on compatibility,operability and implementation,many puzzles and problems have arisen in the work of civil affairs departments,which has affected the play and landing of the estate management functions of civil affairs departments.It is necessary to formulate legislative interpretations,improve judicial interpretations and relevant normative documents,and solve the issue of basis for judgment at the source,further clarify the independent legal status and litigation subject status of civil affairs departments in the practice of estate administration,refine various specific rules including the confirmation and initiation procedures for the appointment of estate administrators,and formulate operational guidelines for the work of estate administrators.Clarify the internal institutions,responsibilities,personnel,establishment and funding for the estate management function,and accelerate the training of professional talents,so that this new system can be implemented and realize the legislative purpose of the Civil Code.