法院决定逮捕问题的实证研究——基于801份刑事判决书的相关性分析

Empirical Study on Court Decisions to Arrest—A Correlation Analysis Based on 801 Criminal Judgments

法院决定逮捕的数量虽然不多,但整体呈上升趋势,适用对象以非暴力案件为主,其中最高刑为拘役的危险驾驶罪约占总数四成,与审前羁押适用状况形成了明显的反差,也背离了逮捕的适用条件等相关规定。具有行政性的法院逮捕决定权的功能应落脚于保障诉讼进行,但通过对801份刑事判决书样本的相关性分析与二元logistic回归分析结果显示,法院决定逮捕的决策逻辑在于被告人是否会被判处实刑。其问题在于,法院无视逮捕的必要性审查,应然层面的审查要件与实然层面的适用逻辑相牴牾;审判阶段逮捕的程序性功能异化为实体性功能,抹去了诉讼保障功能,沦为判决结果的预演;法院以最终量刑结果呼应逮捕决定,是对无罪推定的背离。因此,应当修正法院决定逮捕的审查体系、增加法院决定逮捕的程序性要件。

Although the number of arrests decided by the court is not much,the overall trend is on the rise,and the applicable targets are mainly non-violent cases,of which the highest penalty is criminal detention for dangerous driving,which accounts for about 40%of the total,it has formed a clear contrast with the application of pre-trial detention,but also deviated from the applicable conditions of arrest and other relevant provisions.The function of the court's power of arrest decision with administrative nature should be based on the protection of litigation,but the results of correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis of 801 criminal judgment samples show that,the logic of the court's decision to arrest is whether the defendant will be sentenced to execution.The problem lies in the fact that the court ignores the necessity examination of arrest,and the elements of examination at the necessary level contradict the logic of application at the practical level,the function of litigation protection has been erased and the result of judgment has been rehearsed.The court echoes the arrest decision with the final sentencing result,which is a deviation from the presumption of innocence.Therefore,the review system of court decision on arrest should be amended and the procedural elements of court decision on arrest should be added.