沙葱醇提物对奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃菌群结构的影响

Effects of Allium mongolicum Regel Ethanol Extract on Performance,Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Rumen MicrofloraStructure of Dairy Cows

本试验旨在研究沙葱醇提物对奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃菌群结构的影响。选取体况、胎次、泌乳期和泌乳量相近的荷斯坦奶牛12头,随机分为对照组(CON组)和沙葱醇提物组(AEE组),每组6个重复,每个重复1头。对照组奶牛饲喂基础饲粮,试验组奶牛饲喂在基础饲粮中添加3 g/kg沙葱醇提物的试验饲粮。预试期14 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:1)与CON组相比,饲粮中添加沙葱醇提物显著提高了奶牛第21天的乳脂率(P<0.05),对产奶量和其他乳成分无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)与CON组相比,饲粮中添加沙葱醇提物显著提高了奶牛瘤胃pH(P<0.05),显著降低了瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸和戊酸含量(P<0.05),有降低瘤胃氨态氮含量的趋势(P=0.061)。3)与CON组相比,AEE组奶牛瘤胃厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和解琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum)相对丰度有所提高,瘤胃琥珀酸弧菌科UCG-001(Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001)相对丰度有所降低,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);饲粮中添加沙葱醇提物显著降低了瘤胃毛螺菌属(Lachnospira)相对丰度(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,瘤胃琥珀酸弧菌科UCG-001和广泛乳杆菌(Latilactobacillus)相对丰度与乳脂率呈正相关。综上所述,饲粮中添加沙葱醇提物可提高奶牛乳脂率,提高瘤胃pH,并改善瘤胃菌群结构。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Allium mongolicum Regel ethanol extract on performance,rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microflora structure of dairy cows.Twelve Holstein cows with similar body condition,parity,lactation period and milk yield were randomly divided into the control group(CON group)and Allium mongolicum Regel ethanol extract group(AEE group)with 6 replicates per group and 1 cow per replicate.The pre-trial period lasted for 14 days,and the experimental period lasted for 35 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with CON group,dietary Allium mongolicum Regel ethanol extract significantly increased the milk fat percentage of dairy cows on day 21(P<0.05),but had no significant effects on milk yield and other milk components(P>0.05).2)Compared with CON group,dietary Allium mongolicum Regel ethanol extract significantly increased the pH in rumen of dairy cows(P<0.05),significantly decreased the contents of total volatile fatty acids,acetic acid,propionic acid and valeric acid in rumen(P<0.05),and had a tendency to decrease the ammonia nitrogen content in rumen(P=0.061).3)Compared with CON group,the relative abundances of ruminal Firmicutes and Succiniclasticum in rumen of dairy cows in AEE group was increased,the Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001 relative abundance in rumen was decreased,but the differences were not significant(P>0.05);dietary Allium mongolicum Regel ethanol extract significantly decreased the Lachnospira relative abundance in rumen(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the relative abundances of Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001 and Latilactobacillus in rumen were positively correlated with milk fat percentage.In conclusion,dietary Allium mongolicum Regel ethanol extract can increase the milk fat percentage,increase the pH in rumen,and improve the rumen microflora structure of dairy cows.