饲粮复合添加丁酸梭菌和葡萄糖氧化酶对生长肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫和抗氧化功能以及盲肠微生物区系的影响

Effects of Compound Supplementation of Clostridium butyricum andGlucose Oxidase on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance,Immune and Antioxidant Functions and Cecal Microflora ofGrowing Meat Rabbits

本试验旨在研究饲粮复合添加丁酸梭菌和葡萄糖氧化酶对生长肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫和抗氧化功能以及盲肠微生物区系的影响。选取250只体重相近的35日龄断奶伊拉商品肉兔,随机分为5组,每组50个重复,每个重复1只兔。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加有效含量为75 mg/kg金霉素和20 mg/kg恩拉霉素的饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加300 g/t丁酸梭菌(试验1组)、200 g/t丁酸梭菌+200 g/t葡萄糖氧化酶(试验2组)和300 g/t丁酸梭菌+200 g/t葡萄糖氧化酶(试验3组)的饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验2组和试验3组肉兔平均日增重(ADG)显著提高(P<0.05),料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05),且这2个组与抗生素组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05);试验2组死亡率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且腹泻频率和死亡率与抗生素组无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,试验2组替抗效果最好。2)各组肉兔屠宰性能和免疫器官指数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验2组肉兔血清促炎细胞因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)含量有降低趋势(P=0.085),血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,试验2组肉兔肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著提高(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,试验2组肉兔盲肠微生物群落丰富度和进化多样性有提高的趋势(0.05<P<0.10)。6)与对照组相比,试验2组肉兔盲肠微生物特有扩增子序列变异(ASV)数提高了42.79%,2组间显著差异的标志物种可能是ASV_19729(P<0.05),属于厚壁菌门的梭菌属。综上所述,肉兔饲粮中复合添加200 g/t丁酸梭菌和200 g/t葡萄糖氧化酶能够提高其生长性能和成活率,降低机体炎症反应,增强肝脏抗氧化能力,改善盲肠微生物群落结构,替代抗生素效果较好。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound supplementation of Clostridium butyricum and glucose oxidase on growth performance,slaughter performance,immune and antioxidant functions and cecal microflora of growing meat rabbits.A total of 250 weaned Ila commercial meat rabbits with similar body weight of 35-day-old were randomly divided into 5 groups with 50 replicates per group and 1 rabbit per replicate.The rabbits in the control group were fed a basal diet,those in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg aureomycin and 20 mg/kg enramycin,and the others in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 300 g/t Clostridium butyricum(experimental group 1),200 g/t Clostridium butyricum+200 g/t glucose oxidase(experimental group 2)and 300 g/t Clostridium butyricum+200 g/t glucose oxidase(experimental group 3),respectively.The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days and the experimental period lasted for 35 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,the average daily gain(ADG)of meat rabbits in experimental groups 2 and 3 was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain(F/G)was significantly decreased(P<0.05),meanwhile there was no significant difference between these two groups and the antibiotic group(P>0.05);the mortality in experimental group 2 was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the diarrhea frequency and mortality were not significantly different from those in the antibiotic group(P>0.05).Thus,it could be seen that the experimental group 2 had the best effect on replacing antibiotics.2)There were no significant differences in slaughtering performance and immune organ indices among all groups(P>0.05).3)Compared with the control group,the serum proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β(IL-1β)content of meat rabbits in experimental group 2 had a decreasing trend(P=0.085),and the serum interleukin-6(IL-6)content was significantly decreased(P<0.05).4)Compared with the control group,the liver glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity of meat rabbits in experimental group 2 was significantly increased(P<0.05).5)Compared with the control group,the richness and evolutionary diversity of cecal microorganisms of meat rabbits in experimental group 2 had an increased trend(0.05<P<0.10).6)Compared with the control group,the number of specific amplicon sequence variation(ASV)of cecal microorganisms of meat rabbits in experimental group 2 was increased by 42.79%.The marker species of significant difference between the two groups might be ASV_19729(P<0.05),which belonged to Clostridium in Firmicutes.In conclusion,the compound supplementation of 200 g/t Clostridium butyricum and 200 g/t glucose oxidase in the diet for meat rabbits can improve their growth performance and survival rate,reduce the inflammatory response,enhance the antioxidant capacity in liver,improve the microbial community structure in cecum,and have a good effect on replacing antibiotics.