玉米品种和发酵剂对全株玉米青贮营养品质的影响

Effects of Maize Variety and Starter Culture on Nutritional Quality ofWhole Maize Silage

本试验旨在探究不同玉米品种和发酵剂对全株玉米青贮营养品质的影响,筛选出最优发酵剂和最适合甘肃中东部地区的青贮玉米品种。以“京科627”(H1)、“金穗1915”(H2)、“铁研53”(H3)、“登海3721”(H4)、“大京九26”(H5)、“陇青贮1号”(H6)6个玉米品种为试验材料,在蜡熟期收获,分别添加以植物乳杆菌、乳酸片球菌等为主的饲草青贮剂1(A1)、以布氏乳杆菌9-2和戊糖片球菌为主的饲草青贮剂2(A2)和以植物乳杆菌A1和植物乳杆菌LP-21为主的饲草青贮剂3(A3)3种发酵剂并设置空白对照组(CK),共24个处理,每个处理3个重复。发酵90 d后测定其品质。结果表明:玉米品种对干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、乳酸(LA)、乙酸(AA)、丙酸(PA)、氨态氮(NH 3-N)含量以及中性洗涤纤维消化率有极显著影响(P<0.01);与空白对照组相比,3种发酵剂显著提高了DM、CP、LA、AA含量(P<0.05),极显著降低了NH 3-N含量(P<0.01)。综上所述,3种发酵剂对不同品种全株玉米青贮的品质有不同程度的提升,灰色关联度分析结果表明以“饲草青贮剂3”处理的“登海3721”为最优组合,最适合在临夏地区种植和推广应用。

This study aimed to select the optimal starter cultures and the most suitable central and eastern Gansu Province silage maize varieties by investigating the effects of different maize varieties and starter cultures on the nutritional quality of whole plant maize silage.Maize varieties JingKe627(H1),JinSui1915(H2),TieYan53(H3),DengHai3721(H4),DaJinJiu26(H5)and LongQingZhu No.1(H6),were harvested at wax ripening stage,and three fermentation accelerants,including“forage silage additive 1”(A1)with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici and so on,“forage silage additive 2”(A2)with Lactobacillus buchneri 9-2 and Pediococcus pentosaceus,and“forage silage additive 3”(A3)with Lactobacillus plantarum A1 and Lactobacillus plantarum LP-21,were added and blank control groups were set up.There were 24 treatments with three replicates per treatment.The quality of corn was determined after 90 d of fermentation.The results showed that the variety of maize had a significant impact on the dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),lactic acid(LA),acetic acid(AA),and propionic acid(PA),ammonia nitrogen(NH 3-N)contents,neutral detergent fiber digestibility(P<0.01).In comparison with the control group,three kinds of starter cultures significantly increased the contents of DM,CP,LA and AA(P<0.05),and significantly reduced the content of NH 3-N(P<0.01).Based on the above results,it can be concluded that three kinds of starter cultures can improve the quality of maize silage of different varieties to different degrees,and the gray correlation results show that“DengHai3721”treated with“forage silage additive 3”is the optimal combination,which is the most suitable for planting and promoting in Linxia area.