果寡糖对哺乳羔羊营养物质表观消化率及粪便微生物菌群的影响

Effects of Fructooligosaccharides on Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients and Fecal Microbial Flora in Suckling Lambs

本试验旨在研究果寡糖对哺乳羔羊营养物质表观消化率及粪便微生物菌群的影响。选择15日龄、体重相近的湖羊羔羊44只,随机分为4组:对照组开食料中不添加果寡糖,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组开食料中分别添加0.5%、1.0%和1.5%果寡糖。所有羔羊60日龄断奶,记为第0天。羔羊第-7、7天进行消化代谢试验。试验期间记录羔羊腹泻情况并采集直肠粪样。断奶后继续饲喂至74日龄,试验期共59 d。结果表明:1)处理显著影响哺乳羔羊腹泻率以及腹泻频率(P<0.05),对照组哺乳羔羊腹泻率和腹泻频率显著高于各试验组(P<0.05)。时间、处理×时间对羔羊腹泻率和腹泻频率无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)处理对羔羊干物质采食量(DMI)及粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率影响显著(P<0.05),对干物质(DM)和粗脂肪(EE)的表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组DMI显著高于对照组(P<0.05),与Ⅰ、Ⅲ组无显著差异(P>0.05)。对照组羔羊CP表观消化率显著低于各试验组(P<0.05)。时间显著影响了DMI、CP、EE、NDF、ADF表观消化率(P<0.05),断奶后各组DMI高于断奶前,断奶后各组CP、EE、NDF、ADF表观消化率较断奶前降低。处理×时间对哺乳羔羊DMI、DM、CP、EE、NDF、ADF表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)处理、时间均显著影响了羔羊粪便乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量(P<0.05)。随着试验时间的延长,各试验组羔羊乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。处理×时间显著影响了乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量(P<0.05)。综上所述,在开食料中添加果寡糖可提高哺乳羔羊营养物质表观消化率,并可通过增加肠道有益菌数量、抑制有害菌生长,减少羔羊腹泻。本试验条件下,在哺乳羔羊饲粮中果寡糖的适宜添加量为1.0%。

The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of fructooligosaccharides on the apparent digestibility of nutrients and fecal microbial flora in suckling lambs.Forty-four lambs of similar weight at 15 days of age were randomly divided into four groups:control group without fructooligosaccharides in the starter diet,and Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups with 0.5%,1.0% and 1.5% fructooligosaccharides added to the starter diet,respectively.All lambs were weaned at 60 days of age and recorded as day 0.Digestion tests were conducted on day-7 and day 7.Lamb diarrhea was recorded and rectal fecal samples were taken during the trial.After weaning,the lambs were fed until 74 days of age,for a total of 59 days.The results showed as follows:1)treatment significantly affected the diarrhea rate and the frequency of diarrhea in suckling lambs(P<0.05),and the diarrhea rate and the frequency of diarrhea in suckling lambs in the control group were significantly higher than those in all the experimental groups(P<0.05).Time,treatment×time had no effect on the diarrhea rate and frequency of diarrhea in lambs(P>0.05).2)Treatments had a significant effect on dry matter intake(DMI)and the apparent digestibility of crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fibre(NDF),and acid detergent fibre(ADF)in suckling lambs(P<0.05),and the apparent digestibility of dry matter(DM)and crude fat(CF)in the control group(P<0.05),while in the control group,the rate and frequency of diarrhea rate were significantly higher than those in the experimental groups(P<0.05),and CF apparent digestibility(EE)had no significantly effect(P>0.05).DMI was significantly higher in the Ⅱ group than in the control group(P<0.05),and was not significantly different from Ⅰ and Ⅲ groups(P>0.05).Apparent digestibility of CP in control goup was significantly lower than that in the experiment groups(P<0.05).Time significantly affected the DMI and the apparent digestibility of CP,EE,NDF and ADF(P<0.05).The DMI of lambs in the post-weaning was higher than that in the pre-weaning,and the apparent digestibility of CP,EE,NDF and ADF in the post-weaning was lower than that in the pre-weaning.Treatment×time had no significant effect on DMI and the apparent digestibility of DM,CP,EE,NDF and ADF in suckling lambs(P>0.05).3)Treatment and time significantly affected the numbers of fecal Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,Escherichia coli,and Salmonella in lambs(P<0.05).As the experiment time increased,the numbers of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were significantly higher(P<0.05)and the numbers of Escherichia coli and Salmonella were significantly lower in all experiment groups of suckling lambs than in the control group(P<0.05).Treatment×time significantly affected the number of Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,Escherichia coli and Salmonella(P<0.05).In conclusion,the results of the present study indicate that the addition of fructooligosaccharides to the starter improves nutrient apparent digestibility and reduces lamb diarrhea rate by increasing the number of beneficial intestinal bacteria and inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria.The optimum level of fructooligosaccharides is 1.0% under the conditions of this experiment.