不同混合比例茅台酒糟与芭蕉叶对其青贮饲料营养品质、发酵品质和微生物群落的影响

Effects of Different Mixed Proportions of Moutai Distiller’s Grains and Musa basjoo Leaves on Nutrient Quality,Fermentation Quality and Microbial Community of Silage

本试验旨在探究不同混合比例茅台酒糟与芭蕉叶对其青贮饲料营养品质、发酵品质和微生物群落的影响。试验共设置6个茅台酒糟与芭蕉叶的混合比例,分别为:100%芭蕉叶单独青贮(BCK组)、20%茅台酒糟与80%芭蕉叶混合青贮(J20B80组)、40%茅台酒糟与60%芭蕉叶混合青贮(J40B60组)、60%茅台酒糟与40%芭蕉叶混合青贮(J60B40组)、80%茅台酒糟与20%芭蕉叶混合青贮(J80B20组)以及100%茅台酒糟单独青贮(JCK组);每个处理设置3个重复。青贮60 d后,对各组青贮饲料的养分含量、发酵品质和微生物群落进行测定。结果表明:1)与BCK组相比,各混合青贮组青贮饲料粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著提高(P<0.05);其中,J60B40组CP含量最高,显著高于J20B80组和J40B60组(P<0.05)。随着茅台酒糟添加比例的提高,青贮饲料中性洗涤纤维含量呈现逐渐降低的趋势。2)与BCK组相比,各混合青贮组青贮饲料pH均显著降低(P<0.05);J60B40组氨态氮含量最低,显著低于除JCK组外的其他组(P<0.05);J60B40组和J80B20组乳酸含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05);J40B60组和J80B20组丙酸(PA)含量较高,显著高于其他组(P<0.05);J60B40组PA含量显著高于J20B80组、JCK组和BCK组(P<0.05);所有组青贮饲料中均未检测到丁酸。3)在细菌门水平上,仅JCK组青贮饲料的优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),其余各组的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),其次是变形菌门;在细菌属水平上,J60B40组和J80B20组的优势菌属为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus),相对丰度分别为72.76%和50.92%。在真菌门水平上,除J40B60组外,其余各组的优势菌门均为子囊菌门(Ascomycota);在真菌属水平上,所有组的优势菌属均为其他,其次是毕赤酵母属(Pichia),且均含有少量的裂殖酵母属(Schizosaccharomyces)。综合分析得出,茅台酒糟与芭蕉叶混合青贮可以改善青贮饲料品质,其混合比例为60%茅台酒糟+40%芭蕉叶时青贮品质较好。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different mixed proportions of Moutai distiller’s grains and Musa basjoo leaves on nutrient quality,fermentation quality and microbial community of silage.The six mixed proportions of Moutai distiller’s grains and Musa basjoo leaves was set as follows:100% Musa basjoo leaves silage alone(BCK group),20% Moutai distiller’s grains mixed with 80% Musa basjoo leaves silage(J20B80 group),40% Moutai distiller’s grains mixed with 60% Musa basjoo leaves silage(J40B60 group),60% Moutai distiller’s grains mixed with 40% Musa basjoo leaves silage(J60B40 group),80% Moutai distiller’s grains mixed with 20% Musa basjoo leaves silage(J80B20 group)and 100% Moutai distiller’s grains silage alone(JCK group),with three replicates in each treatment.After silage for 60 days,the nutrient content,fermentation quality and microbial community of each group were determined.The results showed as follows:1)compared with BCK group,the crude protein(CP)content in silage in mixed silage groups was significantly increased(P<0.05);the CP content in J60B40 group was the highest,and significantly higher than that in J20B80 and J40B60 groups(P<0.05).The neutral detergent fiber content in silage was decreased gradually with the increase of the proportion of Moutai distiller’s grains.2)Compared with BCK group,the silage pH in mixed silage groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05);the ammonia nitrogen content in J60B40 group was the lowest,which was significantly lower than that in the other groups except JCK group(P<0.05);the lactic acid content in J60B40 and J80B20 groups was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05);the propionic acid(PA)content in J40B60 and J80B20 groups was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05),and the PA content in J60B40 group was significantly higher than that in J20B80,JCK and BCK groups(P<0.05);no butyric acid was detected in silage in all groups.3)At the phylum level in bacteria,only the dominant bacterium in silage in JCK group was Proteobacteria,and the dominant bacterium in the other groups was Firmicutes,followed by Proteobacteria;at the genus level in bacteria,the relative abundance of dominant genus of Lactobacillus in J60B40 and J80B20 groups was 72.76% and 50.92%,respectively.At the phylum level in fungi,the dominant phylum in all groups except J40B60 group were Ascomycota;at the genus level in fungi,the dominant fungus in all groups was others,followed by Pichia,and all groups contained a small amount of Schizosaccharomyces.The comprehensive analysis shows that the silage quality can be improved by mixing Moutai distiller’s grains with Musa basjoo leaves,and the silage quality is better when the mixed proportion was 60% Moutai distiller’s grains+40% Musa basjoo leaves.