科学社会主义思想在中国的早期传播——首部恩格斯著作中译单行本的出版与意义

The Early Spread of Scientific Socialist Thought in China——The Publication and Significance of the First Chinese Translation of Engels’Works

恩格斯所著《社会主义从空想到科学的发展》是马克思主义理论体系中的重要著作,也是“科学社会主义的入门”。1920年8月20日出版的《科学的社会主义》郑次川译本是该书最早独立成册出版的中译本,也是目前国内已知的恩格斯著作首部中译单行本。这一译本的出版是五四前后中国知识界、出版界对时代思想诉求的主动回应,反映出马克思主义经典在传入中国伊始不仅有政党力量的推动,还有着社会层面的参与。郑次川所作的译者序体现了知识分子在早期传播过程中将马克思主义与中国传统文化结合以帮助其适应中国语境、扩大影响力的尝试。该书的底本来源和译本内容反映出日本渠道对于中国马克思主义早期传播的深刻影响以及知识分子群体翻译马克思主义经典著作时对于“信、达、雅”的不懈追求。郑次川译本因其较高的文本质量、独立成书的出版形式、强有力的发行宣传得以迅速再版并在社会层面广泛传播,对后续译本产生了重要影响,并影响了众多马克思主义早期传播者。郑次川译本《科学的社会主义》与陈望道译本《共产党宣言》同期出版、“相辅而行”,一起将马恩著作传入了中国,引领了马克思主义早期传播的高潮。从引入传播先进思想、推动中国转型进步、实现社会改造理想的角度而言,二者具有同样的历史地位、共同的社会作用,应“等量齐观”。

Engels’s The Development of Socialism from Utopian to Science is an important work in the Marxist theoretical system and also the“introduction to scientific socialism”.The Zheng Cichuan’s translation of Scientific Socialism published on August 20,1920 is the earliest separately bound Chinese version of the book,and also the first known Chinese version of Engels’works in China.The publication of this translation was an active response from the Chinese intellectual and publishing communities around the May Fourth Movement to the thought demands of the times.It reflects that at the beginning of the introduction of Marxist classics into China,there was not only the promotion of political party forces,but also social participation.The translator’s preface written by Zheng Cichuan reflects that the intellectuals have made attempts to combine Marxism with Chinese traditional culture to help it adapt to Chinese context and expand its influence in the early dissemination process.The original’s source and content of the book reflect the profound influence of Japanese channels on the early dissemination of Marxism in China,as well as the intellectuals’unremitting pursuit of“faithfulness,expressiveness,and elegance”when they translate Marxist classics.Due to its high text quality,independent publication form,and powerful publicity,Zheng Cichuan’s translation has been quickly reprinted and widely spread in society.It had a significant impact on subsequent translations and influenced many early disseminators of Marxism.The Zheng Cichuan’s translation of Scientific Socialism was published simultaneously with the Chen Wangdao’s translation of The Communist Manifesto.They interacted each other and introduced Marx and Engels’s works into China together,leaded the climax of the early dissemination of Marxism.From the perspective of introducing and spreading advanced ideas,promoting China’s transformation and progress,and realizing the ideal of social reform,the two have the same historical status and common social role,and should be treated equally.