乡土小说更新的双重逻辑与路径

On the Dual Logic and Path of Updating Local Novels

乡村和乡村生活始终存在,中国乡土小说不可能消亡,但须不断地转型与更新。更新的历史逻辑在于,百年乡土小说形成的几种传统叙事范式未能切近乡村与农民,表现为叙述视角的“他者化”、叙述方式的“工具化”、叙述模式的同质化,农民形象匮缺主体性等。更新的现实逻辑在于,“乡土中国”已经裂变为市场时代的“后乡土中国”,农民、村庄、城乡关系等均发生了深刻变迁。新的时代感觉结构,自然孕育着新的乡土话语表达,未来乡土小说可在乡土文明价值认知、理解乡村新变趋势、城乡关系、叙事伦理、农民形象等五个维度进行更新,从而在主题凝练、人物塑造、叙事模式、美学面向、结构策略等方面发展和衍生更多新的范式。

Since rural areas and rural living always exist,rural novels cannot disappear,but they need constantly transform and update.The updated historical logic lies in the several traditional narrative paradigms formed by the century old local novels,which cannot be closely related to the countryside and farmers.This is manifested in the“otherness”of the narrative perspective,the“instrumentalization”of the narrative method,the homogenization of the narrative mode,and the lack of subjectivity in the image of farmers.The“rural China”has already split into the“post-rural China”of the market era,and profound changes have taken place in farmers,villages,urban-rural relations,etc.This is the practical logic of updating rural novels.The new era’s sensory structure naturally nurtures new local discourse expression.In the future,local novels can be updated in five dimensions:understanding the value of local civilization,understanding the new trends in rural areas,urban-rural relations,narrative ethics,and farmers’images.Therefore,more new paradigms can be developed and derived in terms of theme condensation,character shaping,narrative mode,aesthetic orientation,and structural strategies.