准分子激光冠状动脉成形术联合药物涂层球囊治疗支架内再狭窄的即刻管腔获益及与光学相干断层成像下不同内膜组织特征间的关系

Efficacy on the Acute Lumen Gain Post Excimer Laser Combined With Drug-coated Balloon for Instent Restenosis and the Relationship With Different Neointimal Tissues Defined by Optical Coherence Tomography

目的:比较准分子激光冠状动脉成形术(ELCA)联合药物涂层球囊(DCB)治疗冠状动脉支架内再狭窄(ISR)的即刻管腔获益及与光学相干断层成像(OCT)下不同内膜组织特征间的关系。方法:回顾性入选2019年1月至2023年5月于中国人民解放军总医院第一医学中心接受DCB治疗的ISR患者86例,共96处ISR病变,所有病变均行OCT评估。根据是否使用ELCA,将病变分为ELCA+DCB组(n=30)和DCB组(n=66);并根据OCT评估的ISR病变内膜组织特征分为均质模式和非均质模式,比较两种不同模式对即刻管腔获益的影响。即刻管腔获益定义为治疗前后的OCT下最小管腔面积变化值(ΔMLA)。结果:ELCA+DCB组与DCB组相比获得更大的ΔMLA[(3.2±0.8)mm^(2)vs.(2.6±1.4)mm^(2),P=0.015]。在均质模式的ISR病变中,ELCA+DCB组的ΔMLA大于DCB组[(3.0±0.9)mm^(2)vs.(2.2±1.1)mm^(2),P=0.030],但在非均质模式的ISR病变中,两组ΔMLA差异无统计学意义[(3.4±0.7)mm^(2)vs.(3.2±1.5)mm^(2),P=0.533]。术后随访6个月期间,病变接受DCB治疗的患者(n=60)与ELCA+DCB治疗的患者(n=26)均无死亡,靶病变血运重建率差异无统计学意义(7.4%vs.4.2%,P>0.05)。结论:ELCA联合DCB是治疗ISR的有效策略,较单独DCB治疗能够实现更大的术后即刻管腔获益,尤其对于OCT显示病变内膜组织均质模式ISR的治疗效果更为显著。

Objectives:To compare the efficacy of the combination of excimer laser coronary angioplasty(ELCA)and drug-coated balloon(DCB)for in-stent restenosis(ISR)and to evaluate the impact of neointimal tissue characteristics on treatment outcomes.Methods:A total of 96 ISR lesions from 86 patients who underwent optical coherence tomography(OCT)evaluation and DCB with or without ELCA treatment at The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2019 to May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.ISR lesions were divided into ELCA+DCB group(n=30)and DCB group(n=66).Additionally,ISR lesions were classified as homogeneous and non-heterogeneous patterns based on the OCT characteristics of the neointimal tissue,and the impact on acute lumen gains was compared between different ISR patterns.Acute lumen gain(ΔMLA)was defined as the changes in minimum lumen area before and after the intervention.Results:The ELCA+DCB group had a significantly greaterΔMLA than the DCB group([3.2±0.8]mm^(2) vs.[2.6±1.4]mm^(2),P=0.015).Among the ISR with a homogeneous pattern,theΔMLA of the ELCA+DCB group was significantly greater than that of the DCB group([3.0±0.9]mm^(2) vs.[2.2±1.1]mm^(2),P=0.030).There was no significant difference inΔMLA between the two ISR groups with the non-homogeneous pattern([3.4±0.7]mm^(2) vs.[3.2±1.5]mm^(2),P=0.533).There was no death,the rate of target lesion revascularization was similar between the patients with lesions receiving DCB treatment and patients receiving ELCA+DCB treatment(7.4%vs.4.2%,P>0.05).Conclusions:The combination of ELCA and DCB is an effective strategy for treating ISR,which can achieve greater acute lumen gain compared to DCB treatment alone,especially for the treatment of homogenous ISR pattern characterized by OCT.