工业机器人使用、性别异质性与高等教育入学率

Industrial Robots,Gender Heterogeneity and Tertiary Enrollment

“机器换人”已成为学界和社会广泛关注的时代命题,但现有研究对机器人在替代过程中促使劳动力知识结构升级的作用研究不足。本文采用67个国家(地区)1993—2019年的面板数据,实证考察工业机器人使用对高等教育入学率的影响及其性别异质性。研究发现:第一,工业机器人使用显著提升高等教育入学率,并运用倾向得分匹配法、工具变量法等因果识别策略验证结果的稳健性;第二,工业机器人使用对于女性(相比男性)参与高等教育具有更强的激励作用,此性别异质性在发展中经济体尤为显著;第三,人力资本密集型产业发展具有重要的调节作用。伴随着高技术制造业出口比重和高端服务业增加值占比的提高,工业机器人使用对高等教育入学率的正向影响进一步增强。本研究扩展了人工智能社会效益的文献,也为探讨“机器育人”现象提供经验启示。

"Machine Replacing Humans"'has become an important academic and social topic,but existing research generally ignores the fact that robots will induce the labor to upgrade their knowledge structure.This paper uses the panel data from 67 countries(regions)during 1993 to 2019 to empirically examine the impact of industrial robots on tertiary enrollment rate and its gender heterogeneity.Firstly,it is found that industrial robots significantly increase the tertiary enrollment rate.This result is still robust after adopting causal identification strategies such as propensity score matching and instrumental variables.Secondly,industrial robots has a stronger incentive for women to participate in higher education compared to men,and this gender heterogeneity is particularly significant in developing economies.Thirdly,the development of human capital-intensive industries has a moderating effect.With the increase of high-tech manufacturing exports and the added value of high-end service industry,the impact of the industrial robots on tertiary enrollment rate will be enhanced.This paper expands the literature on the social benefits of artificial intelligence,and provides empirical inspiration for exploring the phenomenon of"Machine Educating Humans".